Immune Regulation News Volume 11.26 | Jul 19 2019

TOP STORY

Discovery Shows How Difficult-to-Treat Prostate Cancer Evades Immune System

Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have discovered how an aggressive form of prostate cancer called double-negative prostate cancer metastasizes by evading the immune system. [Press release from University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center discussing online prepublication in Cancer Cell] Press Release | Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

The DNA Repair Nuclease MRE11A Functions as a Mitochondrial Protector and Prevents T Cell Pyroptosis and Tissue Inflammation

In vivo, pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of MRE11A resulted in tissue deposition of mitochondrial DNA, caspase-1 proteolysis, and aggressive tissue inflammation. [Cell Metab] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Gata6⁺ Pericardial Cavity Macrophages Relocate to the Injured Heart and Prevent Cardiac Fibrosis

Scientists found that disruption of the pericardial cavity accelerated maladaptive post-myocardial infarction cardiac remodeling. Gata6⁺ macrophages in mouse pericardial fluid contributed to the reparative immune response. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

BRCA2 Abrogation Triggers Innate Immune Responses Potentiated by Treatment with PARP Inhibitors

The authors investigated adaptation to loss of BRCA2 focusing on genome-wide transcriptome alterations. Human cells in which BRCA2 expression was inhibited for 4 or 28 days were subjected to RNA-seq analyses revealing a biphasic response to BRCA2 abrogation. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Inflammation Triggers Immediate Rather than Progressive Changes in Monocyte Differentiation in the Small Intestine

Researchers used monocyte adoptive transfer to dissect the dynamics of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in normal and inflamed small intestine. They found that during homeostasis CCR2 and β7-integrin mediated constitutive homing of monocytes to the gut. [Nat Commun] Full Article

An Immunometabolic Pathomechanism for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

At the molecular level, investigators found that leptin inhibited the expression of forkhead-boxP3 and its splicing variants containing the exon 2 that correlated inversely with inflammation and weakened lung function during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease progression. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Weak Agonistic LPS Restores Intestinal Immune Homeostasis

Administration of Bacteroides vulgatus mpk lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into mice suffering from severe intestinal inflammation re-established intestinal immune homeostasis within only two weeks resulting in clearance of all symptoms of inflammation. [Mol Ther] Abstract | Full Article

Keratinocytes Costimulate Naive Human T Cells via CD2: A Potential Target to Prevent the Development of Proinflammatory Th1 Cells in the Skin

Naive T cells costimulated by keratinocytes selectively differentiated into Th1 and Th17 cells. In particular, keratinocyte-initiated Th1 differentiation was dependent on costimulation through CD58/CD2. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

Anti-IL-13Rα2 Therapy Promotes Recovery in a Murine Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Researchers tested a therapeutic antibody specifically targeting IL-13Rα2. They also used the antibody and Il13ra2^-/- mice to dissect the role of IL-13Rα2 in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis and recovery. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

Propofol Directly Induces Caspase-1-Dependent Macrophage Pyroptosis through the NLRP3-ASC Inflammasome

Using primary cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages, murine macrophage cell lines and a mouse model, scientists investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and secondary pyroptosis in propofol-induced cell death. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

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Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-Tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation

The authors review the current understanding of the intricate dialog between cancer-associated inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. They discuss the changing nature of these interactions during tumor progression and the impact of the tissue environment on the anti-tumor immune response. [Immunity] Abstract

Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences

Investigators review the origins of inflammation in tumors, and the mechanisms whereby inflammation drives tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. [Immunity] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Cyxone Makes Further Strides with Rabeximod Phase IIb Trial by Signing CRO EGeen Inc.

Cyxone announced that the company has signed an agreement with EGeen Inc. for conducting its upcoming clinical Phase IIb trial with Rabeximod in rheumatoid arthritis in select Eastern European countries. [Cyxone AB] Press Release

MediciNova Announces Phase III Clinical Trial Plan for MN-166 (Ibudilast) in Progressive MS

MediciNova, Inc. announced its plans for a Phase III clinical trial of ibudilast in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) following feedback from the FDA. [MediciNova, Inc.] Press Release

The Plan to Mine the World’s Research Papers

Carl Malamud is on a crusade to liberate information locked up behind paywalls — and his campaigns have scored many victories. Now, the 60-year-old American technologist is turning his sights on a new objective: freeing paywalled scientific literature. And he thinks he has a legal way to do it. [Nature News] Editorial

Virologists Escorted Out of Lab in Canada

Canada’s national police force is investigating “possible policy breaches” after researchers were escorted from a lab at Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, CBC News reported. Prominent virologist Xiangguo Qiu, her colleague and husband Keding Cheng, and an unknown number of her students from China were removed from the lab. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW 3^rd Annual Meeting of the Upper Rhine Immunology (URI) Group
October 19, 2019
Basel, Switzerland

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Research Associate – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies)

NEW Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow – TCR Immunology/Immune Therapy (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (University of California, San Diego)

Senior Scientist – Immuno-Oncology of Hematologic Malignancies (University of Kansas School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Molecular Immunology (Babraham Institute)

PhD Scholarships – Systems Biology in Immune and Infectious Diseases (University of Perugia)

Postdoctoral Position – Genetics & Immunology (Columbia University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Immunology (Feinberg School of Medicine-Northwestern University)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology of Enteric Infections (University of Utah)

Assistant, Associate, or Full Professor – Cancer Immunotherapy/Tumor Immunology (University of California, Irvine)

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