Immune Regulation News Volume 11.40 | Oct 25 2019

TOP STORY

MHC-II Neoantigens Shape Tumor Immunity and Response to Immunotherapy

Investigators showed that spontaneous and immunotherapy-induced anti-tumor responses required the activity of both tumor-antigen-specific CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells, even in tumors that did not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

RBPJ-Dependent Notch Signaling Initiates the T Cell Program in a Subset of Thymus-Seeding Progenitors

Scientists established an Rbpj-inducible system that allowed temporal and tissue-specific control of the responsiveness to notch in all hematopoietic cells. Using this system, they found that notch signaling was required before the early T cell progenitor stage in the thymus. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Control of CD1d-Restricted Antigen Presentation and Inflammation by Sphingomyelin

Researchers showed that acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) absence in mice led to diminished CD1d-restricted antigen presentation and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell selection in the thymus, resulting in decreased iNKT cell levels and resistance to iNKT cell-mediated inflammatory conditions. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

Amino Acids License Kinase mTORC1 Activity and Treg Cell Function via Small G Proteins Rag and Rheb

Investigators showed that amino acids license regulatory T (Treg) cell function by priming and sustaining T cell receptor-induced mTORC1 activity. mTORC1 activation was induced by amino acids, especially arginine and leucine, accompanied by the dynamic lysosomal localization of the mTOR and Tsc complexes. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

GTPase-Activating Protein Rasal1 Associates with ZAP-70 of the TCR and Negatively Regulates T-Cell Tumor Immunity

The authors identified GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Rasal1 as a novel TCR-ZAP-70 binding protein that negatively regulated T-cell activation and tumor immunity. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Dietary Tryptophan Links Encephalogenicity of Autoreactive T Cells with Gut Microbial Ecology

Scientists report that omission of a single essential amino acid – tryptophan – from the diet abrogated CNS autoimmunity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. [Nat Commun] Full Article

MALT1 Phosphorylation Controls Activation of T Lymphocytes and Survival of ABC-DLBCL Tumor Cells

Researchers identified a dual role for CK1α as a kinase that was essential for CARMA1/CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome assembly as well as MALT1 phosphorylation. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

CD45 Functions as a Signaling Gatekeeper in T Cells

Acute inhibition of Csk revealed that CD45 suppressed ζ-chain phosphorylation and was necessary for a regulatable pool of active Lck, thereby interconnecting the activating and suppressive roles of CD45 that tune antigen discrimination. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Induction of Metabolic Quiescence Defines the Transitional to Follicular B Cell Switch

The authors found that metabolic quiescence was acquired at the follicular B cell stage in both humans and mice. In follicular B cells, the expression of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, aerobic respiration, and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling was reduced when compared to that in transitional B cells. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Invariant NKT Cells Facilitate Cytotoxic T-Cell Activation via Direct Recognition of CD1d on T Cells

Researchers found that antigen-primed cytotoxic T lymphocytes with transient CD1d upregulation could present lipid self-antigens to activate the invariant natural killer T (NKT) cell production of IFN-γ. [Exp Mol Med] Abstract

Interleukin-33 Delays Recovery of Mucosal Inflammation via Downregulation of Homeostatic ABCG5/8 in the Colon

Scientists investigated interleukin-33 (IL-33)-mediated colonic homeostasis using a mechanistic method. Il33^−/− mice were more tolerant to dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis than the wild type and also showed delayed recovery from colitis with recombinant IL-33 administration. [Lab Invest] Abstract

Subscribe to our sister publications: Human Immunology News & Immunology of Infectious Disease News.

Immune Reconstitution Therapies: Concepts for Durable Remission in Multiple Sclerosis

Researchers discuss the efficacy and potential mechanisms of immune reconstitution therapies in the context of immune system renewal and durable disease remission in multiple sclerosis. [Nat Rev Neurol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Bimekizumab Phase III Psoriasis Study Meets All Endpoints, Achieving Significantly Greater Efficacy Versus Placebo and Ustekinumab

UCB announced positive results from BE VIVID, the first of three Phase III studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab, an IL-17A and IL-17F inhibitor, in the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. [UCB (PR Newswire Association LLC)] Press Release

Provention Bio Reports Top Line Results from Phase IIa PRINCE Clinical Trial with PRV-6527, an Oral CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease

Provention Bio, Inc. announced top-line results from its randomized, placebo-controlled Phase IIa PRINCE clinical trial evaluating twice-daily PRV-6527, an oral Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) small molecule inhibitor. [Provention Bio, Inc.] Press Release

Janssen Announces US FDA Approval of STELARA^® (Ustekinumab) for the Treatment of Adults with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis

The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson announced the FDA approval of STELARA^® for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. [The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies] Press Release

Female Researchers in Australia Less Likely to Win Major Medical Grants than Males

Female scientists in Australia were less likely to win a major type of medical-research grants this year than their male counterparts, despite an overhaul of the country’s science funding that was supposed to address gender inequity. [Nature News] Editorial

Trump Names Seven to Revived Presidential Science Advisory Panel

Thirty-three months after taking office, President Donald Trump has chosen a group of business leaders to advise him on science and technology policy. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW PANLAR 2020
May 2-5, 2020
Miami Beach, Florida, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – CAR T-Cell Immunology (Washington University School of Medicine)

Scientist – Human Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Neuro-Immune Control of Metabolism (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Translational Immuno-Oncology (Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology and Vaccines (University of Maryland)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Innate Immune Signaling Pathways and Mechanisms (University of Utah)

Chief – Laboratory of Allergic Diseases (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Immunology (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Position – Interface of Stem Cell Biology and Immunology (Columbia University)

Faculty Position – Tumor Immunology (University of Utah)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

Have we missed an important article or publication in Immune Regulation News? Click here to submit!

Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here.