Immune Regulation News Volume 16.11 | Apr 05 2024

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    2024-04-05 | IRN 16.11


    Immune Regulation News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 16.11 – 5 April, 2024
    TOP STORY

    CGRP Sensory Neurons Promote Tissue Healing via Neutrophils and Macrophages

    Scientists showed that ablation of the NaV1.8 nociceptor impairs skin wound repair and muscle regeneration after acute tissue injury. Nociceptor endings grew into injured skin and muscle tissues and signaled to immune cells through the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
    [Nature]

    Full Article
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    TOLLIP Inhibits Lipid Accumulation and the Integrated Stress Response in Alveolar Macrophages to Control Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

    Researchers showed that tuberculosis severity was increased in toll-interacting protein (Tollip)−/− mice, characterized by macrophage- and T cell-driven inflammation, foam cell formation, and lipid accumulation.
    [Nature Microbiology]

    Abstract

    B Cell-Directed CAR-T Cell Therapy Activates CD8+ Cytotoxic CARneg Bystander T Cells in Non-Human Primates and Patients

    Researchers performed single-cell RNA-Seq on non-human primate and patient-derived T cells to identify the phenotypic and transcriptomic hallmarks of bystander activation of CARneg T cells following B cell targeted CAR-T cell therapy.
    [Blood]

    Abstract

    IKK2 Controls the Inflammatory Potential of Tissue-Resident Regulatory T Cells in a Murine Gain of Function Model

    Investigators showed that mice heterozygous for an Ikbkb gain-of-function mutation develop psoriasis. Doubling the gene dose results in dactylitis, spondylitis, and characteristic nail changes, which are features of psoriatic arthritis.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Conserved Methylation Signatures Associate with the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Response

    The authors demonstrated that the methylation signatures of distinct biological processes were associated with immune activity in the cancer microenvironment and predict immunotherapy response.
    [Genome Medicine]

    Full Article

    The ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid Enhances NK-Cell Antitumor Effector Functions

    Investigators explored whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of ω-3 PUFA, had an immunomodulatory role in promoting tumor growth in immunocompetent mice. The number of natural killer (NK) cells but not the number of T or B cells was decreased by DHA supplementation in various tissues.
    [Cancer Immunology Research]

    Abstract

    IFN-λ Drives Distinct Lung Immune Landscape Changes and Antiviral Responses in Human Metapneumovirus Infection

    Scientists showed that type III interferon (IFN-λ) was highly upregulated during human metapneumovirus infection in vitro in human and mouse airway epithelial cells and in vivo in mice. They found through several immunological and molecular assays that type II alveolar cells are the primary producers of IFN-λ.
    [mBio]

    Full Article

    Metformin Suppresses Both PD-L1 Expression in Cancer Cells and Cancer-Induced PD-1 Expression in Immune Cells to Promote Antitumor Immunity

    Investigators identified the inhibitory molecular mechanisms of metformin on programmed death ligand 1 expression in cancer cells and programmed death 1 expression in immune cells.
    [Annals Of Laboratory Medicine]

    Abstract

    Regulatory T Cells Subgroups in the Tumor Microenvironment Cannot Be Overlooked: Their Involvement in Prognosis and Treatment Strategy in Melanoma

    Researchers employed single-cell analysis to unveil the intricate nature of Tregs in human melanoma. Pseudotime and cell–cell interconnection analyses were conducted, followed by an endeavor to construct a prognostic model grounded in Treg-associated risk scores. 
    [Environmental Toxicology]

    Abstract
    Check out the Immunology Podcast episodes summarizing the IMMUNOLOGY2023 meeting.
    REVIEWS

    Harnessing Innate Immune Pathways for Therapeutic Advancement in Cancer

    Scientists observed that the role of the innate immune pathway demonstrated heterogeneity, linked to the tumor development stage, pathway status, and specific cell types. They proposed that within the tumor microenvironment, the innate immune pathway exhibited multidimensional diversity.
    [Signal Transduction And Targeted Therapy]

    Full Article
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    First Pig Kidney Transplant in a Person: What It Means for the Future

    Early success in the first transplant of a pig kidney into a living person has raised researchers’ hopes for larger clinical trials involving pig organs. Such trials could bring ‘xenotransplantation’, the use of animal organs in human recipients, into the clinic.
    [Nature]

    Editorial
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    April 22 – 25, 2024
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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    PhD Position – Molecular Nutrition

    University of Oslo – Oslo, Norway

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    University of Manitoba – Winnipeg City, Manitoba, Canada

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    Vanderbilt University – Bethesda, Maryland, United States

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    NYU Langone Health – New York City, New York, United States

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    Universitätsklinikum Köln – Cologne, Germany

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