Immune Regulation News Volume 6.32 | Aug 29 2014

Transcription Factor T-bet Regulates Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Functional Maturation
Using gene loss- and gain-of-function strategies, as well as reporter approaches, researchers show that cooperation between the transcription factors T-bet and Runx3 resulted in suppression of conventional CD4⁺ T helper functions and induction of an intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) program that included expression of IEL markers such as CD8αα homodimers. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release

Dendritic Cell Subsets Require Cis-Activation for Cytotoxic CD8 T-Cell Induction
Researchers show that Poly I:C (​TLR3 agonist) or ​R848 (​TLR7 agonist) do not activate all endogenous dendritic cells (DCs). ​CD11b⁺ DCs can orchestrate a cytotoxic T cell response in vivo in the presence of a ​TLR7 agonist but not a ​TLR3 agonist, whereas ​CD103⁺ DCs require ligation of ​TLR3 for this purpose. This selectivity does not extend to antigen cross-presentation for T-cell proliferation but is required for induction of cytotoxicity. [Nat Commun] Abstract

CCR2⁺CD103⁻ Intestinal Dendritic Cells Develop from DC-Committed Precursors and Induce Interleukin-17 Production by T Cells
The authors show that intestinal CD103⁻CD11b⁺ mononuclear phagocytes can be separated clearly into dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages based on phenotype, gene profile, and kinetics. [Mucosal Immunol] Full Article

An In Vitro Model of Innate Lymphoid Cell Function and Differentiation
The authors describe a novel model cell line for the study of innate lymphoid cells function and differentiation. One interleukin (IL)-7-responsive subline, designated MNK-3, expresses Rorγt and produces high levels of IL-22 in response to IL-23 and IL-1β stimulation. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

TGF-β-Induced CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ T Cells Attenuate Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Suppressing Expansion and Killing of Effector CD8⁺ Cells
Investigators show that, as long as an appropriate generation protocol is used, TGF-β-induced CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells consistently displayed a potent ability to control acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) development and reduce mortality in aGvHD animal models. [J Immunol] Abstract

MicroRNA-155 Deficiency Enhances the Recruitment and Functions of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor Microenvironment and Promotes Solid Tumor Growth
Scientists demonstrate that microRNA-155 deficiency promoted solid tumor growth through increasing the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumor microenvironment and enhancing the tumor-promoting functions of the recruited MDSCs. [Int J Cancer] Abstract

CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Orchitis: Phenotypic and Functional Characterization
The phenotype and function of regulatory T cells in rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis was evaluated. CD4⁺CD25^bright T cells from lymph nodes from the testis of experimental rats were able to suppress T cell-proliferation more efficiently than those derived from normal and control rats. [Am J Reprod Immunol]
Abstract

Anti-RAGE Antibody Ameliorates Severe Thermal Injury in Rats through Regulating Cellular Immune Function
Researchers investigated the therapeutic potential of an anti-receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) neutralizing antibody for severe thermal injury in rats, and to determine whether the treatment worked via modulating cellular immune function. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Abstract

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Pfizer and Merck to Collaborate on Study Evaluating Novel Anti-Cancer Combination Regimen
Pfizer Inc. and Merck & Co. Inc. have entered into an agreement to explore the therapeutic potential of the combination of Pfizer’s crizotinib with Merck’s investigational anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab, in a Phase Ib clinical study evaluating the safety and tolerability of the combination in patients with ALK-positive advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. [Pfizer Inc.] Press Release

Glenmark Enters Oncology with the Discovery and the Initiation of IND Enabling Studies of an Innovative Bispecific Antibody
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals S.A. announced the discovery and initiation of IND enabling studies of a novel clinical development candidate, GBR 1302, a HER2xCD3 bispecific antibody. [Glenmark Pharmaceuticals S.A.] Press Release

Spring Bioscience Launches Highly Sensitive PD-L1 (SP142) Antibody for Immunotherapy Research
Spring Bioscience announced the launch of its PD-L1 rabbit monoclonal immunohistochemistry antibody. This new PD-L1 clone was developed for Roche/Genentech’s anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy development program and included in research of various tumor types. [Spring Bioscience (PR Newswire Association LLC)] Press Release

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