Immune Regulation News Volume 7.25 | Jul 10 2015

A Single miRNA-mRNA Interaction Affects the Immune Response in a Context- and Cell-Type-Specific Manner
Investigators found that under physiologic conditions and during autoimmune inflammation or viral infection, some immunological functions of microRNA (miRNA)-155 were fully or largely attributable to the regulation of SOCS1, whereas others could be accounted only partially or not at all by this interaction. [Immunity] Abstract

The Transcription Factor XBP1 Is Selectively Required for Eosinophil Differentiation
Scientists discovered an unexpectedly selective and absolute requirement for XBP1 in eosinophil differentiation without an effect on the survival of basophils or neutrophils. [Nat Immunol]
Abstract | Press Release | Video

The Gut Microbiota Regulates Intestinal CD4 T Cells Expressing RORγt and Controls Metabolic Disease
Investigators showed that a high-fat diet (HFD)-derived ileum microbiota is responsible for a decrease in Th17 cells of the lamina propria in axenic colonized mice. The HFD also changed the expression profiles of intestinal antigen-presenting cells and their ability to generate Th17 cells in vitro. [Cell Metab]
Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Spontaneous Restoration of Transplantation Tolerance after Acute Rejection
Using a mouse model of cardiac transplantation, scientists showed that when Listeria monocytogenes infection precipitates acute rejection, thus abrogating transplantation tolerance, the donor-specific tolerant state re-emerges, allowing spontaneous acceptance of a donor-matched second transplant. [Nat Commun]
Full Article | Press Release

CD300f Associates with IL-4 Receptor α and Amplifies IL-4–Induced Immune Cell Responses
Researchers identified the myeloid-associated Ig receptor CD300f as an IL-4–induced molecule in macrophages. Using Cd300f^−/− cells and receptor cross-linking experiments, they established that CD300f amplified IL-4Rα–induced responses by augmenting IL-4/IL-13–induced signaling, mediator release, and priming. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

Defective TFH Cell Function and Increased TFR Cells Contribute to Defective Antibody Production in Aging
The authors demonstrate an increase in the ratio of inhibitory T follicular regulatory cells to stimulatory T follicular helper cells in aged mice. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Critical Role of the NKG2D Receptor for NK Cell-Mediated Control and Immune Escape of B-Cell Lymphoma
By using transplantable tumors as well as a λ-myc-transgenic model of endogenously arising lymphoma and NK group 2D (NKG2D)-deficient mice, investigators showed that NK cells eliminate tumor cells in vivo after receiving two signals. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract | Press Release

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Ludwig Cancer Research and University of Oxford Launch Cancer Immunotherapy Spinout
Isis Innovation, the University of Oxford’s technology commercialization company, and Ludwig Cancer Research announced the launch of a new spinout company, iOx Therapeutics. iOx Therapeutics will develop a novel cancer immunotherapy discovered through a collaboration between Ludwig Cancer Research and Professor Vincenzo Cerundolo within the University of Oxford’s Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine. [Ludwig Cancer Research] Press Release

apceth and University of Cologne to Join Forces on Combination Cellular Immunotherapies for Cancer
apceth announced a broad partnership with the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, to combine technologies and expertise, on the development of immunotherapies for solid tumors and hematological malignancies. [apceth^®] Press Release

TSRI Scientists Win $1.2 Million Grant to Study Environmental Triggers of Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Researchers from The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have received a grant of more than $1.2 million from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences’ ViCTER (Virtual Consortium for Translational/Transdisciplinary Environmental Research) program to augment existing research into how environmental factors trigger such autoimmune diseases. [The Scripps Research Institute] Press Release

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