Immune Regulation News Volume 8.27 | Jul 29 2016

TOP STORY

MicroRNA-17 Modulates Regulatory T Cell Function by Targeting Co-Regulators of the Foxp3 Transcription Factor

Researchers report that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) actively repressed Eos expression through microRNA-17 (miR-17). miR-17 expression increased in regulatory T cells in the presence of IL-6, and its expression negatively correlated with that of Eos. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Treatment of Ongoing Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with Activated B-Cell Progenitors Maturing into Regulatory B Cells

Scientists showed that bone marrow cells transiently stimulated in vivo or in vitro through the Toll-like receptor 9 generate proB cells that interrupt experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis when transferred at the onset of clinical symptoms. [Nat Commun] Full Article

IL-10⁺ Regulatory B Cells Are Enriched in Cord Blood and May Play a Role in Protection against GvHD after Cord Blood Transplantation

Researchers demonstrated that cord blood contains an abundance of B cells with immunoregulatory function. Regulatory B cells were identified in both the naïve and transitional B cell compartments and suppressed T-cell proliferation and effector function through IL-10 production as well as cell-to-cell contact involving CTLA-4. [Blood] Abstract

Peripheral Tolerance Can Be Modified by Altering KLF2-Regulated Treg Migration

Investigators report that transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) controls naive Treg migration patterns via regulation of homeostatic and inflammatory homing receptors, and that in its absence KLF2-deficient Tregs are unable to migrate efficiently to secondary lymphoid organs. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

Inflammatory Th17 Cells Express Integrin α_vβ₃ for Pathogenic Function

Scientists report that pro-inflammatory Th17 cells express high integrin β₃ that is interleukin-23 dependent. Integrin β₃ was not upregulated on all activated T cells; rather, integrin β₃ was upregulated along with its functional partner integrin α_v on effector Th17 cells and “ex-Th17” cells, and α_vβ₃^hi RORγt⁺ cells expanded during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Minocycline Promotes the Generation of Dendritic Cells with Regulatory Properties

Investigators showed that minocycline significantly enhances the generation of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cells when used together with GM-CSF and IL-4. [Oncotarget] Full Article

miR-28 Modulates Exhaustive Differentiation of T Cells through Silencing Programmed Cell Death-1 and Regulating Cytokine Secretion

The authors demonstrated that exhausted T cells with inhibitory receptors are significantly increased in the melanoma-bearing mice. Meanwhile, the differentiated miRNA profiles in PD1⁺ exhaustive T cells were identified using a miRNA array; 11 miRNAs were observed with significant altered levels in the exhausted T cells isolated from melanoma-bearing mice. [Oncotarget] Full Article

c-Src Suppresses Dendritic Cell Antitumor Activity via T Cell Ig and Mucin Protein-3 Receptor

The authors identified a novel signaling pathway necessary for T cell Ig and mucin protein-3 (TIM-3) upregulation on dendritic cells (DCs). Both IL-10 and TGF-β, which are produced in the tumor microenvironment, upregulated TIM-3 expression on DCs via this pathway. [J Immunol] Abstract

Zinc Induces Dendritic Cell Tolerogenic Phenotype and Skews Regulatory T Cell–Th17 Balance

Scientists investigated the effect of zinc (Zn) on dendritic cell (DC) phenotype and the generation of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells using a model of Histoplasma capsulatum fungal infection. Exposure of bone marrow–derived DCs to Zn in vitro induced a tolerogenic phenotype by diminishing surface MHC class II and promoting the tolerogenic markers, programmed death–ligand (PD-L)1, PD-L2, and the tryptophan degrading enzyme, IDO. [J Immunol] Abstract

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T Follicular Helper (T_FH) Cell Programming by Cytokine-Mediated Events

Researchers summarize what is known regarding the role of cytokines in both the promotion and inhibition of T_FH cell differentiation and function. [Immunology] Abstract | Full Article

Immune Regulation in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

The authors provide an overview of regulatory functions of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cells, NK cells, Tregs, IL-10, and TGF-β, as well as epigenetic changes in the setting of chronic HCV infection. [Scand J Gastroenterol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

AbbVie and Bristol-Myers Squibb Announce Oncology Clinical Collaboration to Evaluate the Combination of Rova-T plus Opdivo and Opdivo + Yervoy Regimen

AbbVie and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company announced a clinical trial collaboration to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of AbbVie’s investigational biomarker-specific antibody drug conjugate Rova-T in combination with Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Opdivo and Opdivo + Yervoy regimen as a treatment for relapsed extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. [AbbVie] Press Release

X-Chem and AbbVie Enter into Multi-Target Drug Discovery Partnership

X-Chem, Inc. announced a multi-target drug discovery agreement with AbbVie. The collaboration is focused on the discovery and development of novel treatments for diseases in oncology and immunology. [X-Chem, Inc.] Press Release

Major Review Calls Time on Gaming in UK Research Assessment

The UK’s mammoth periodic audit of its research is set for a shake-up that could change the way universities hire academics – and might also encourage scientists to spend more time on public engagement. [Nature News] Editorial

Meet Europe’s New Science Advice Brigade

Too many cooks spoil the broth, goes the saying. Could too many advisers spoil the advice? On the contrary, say the seven scientists who front the European Commission’s new Scientific Advice Mechanism, and who collectively replaced the single-headed role of chief scientific adviser last year. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Trump vs Clinton: Worlds Apart on Science

Science is slowly coming into focus in the US presidential campaign. Although neither Republican Donald Trump nor Democrat Hillary Clinton has emphasized core research issues, the candidates — and their parties — are beginning to flesh out their positions on climate change, education, biomedical research and other topics that involve the scientific community. [Nature News] Editorial

Public Is Wary of Using Technologies to Enhance Human Performance, Survey Finds

A new poll finds that Americans have serious questions about the use of new technologies to enhance the lives of healthy people. Those with strong religious beliefs are especially troubled by the prospect of such enhancements, seeing them as meddling with nature. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Scientific Literature: Information Overload

Recent bibliometrics show that the number of published scientific papers has climbed by 8–9% each year over the past several decades. In the biomedical field alone, more than 1 million papers pour into the PubMed database each year — about two papers per minute. For researchers who are already overwhelmed by bench and field work, grant-writing, publishing and other time-eaters, trying to navigate the growing deluge of data has become a second job. [Nature Careers] Editorial

NEW Adoptive T-Cell Therapy Summit 2016
October 10-11, 2016
London, United Kingdom

NEW T-ALL Workshop
March 17-19, 2017
Leuven, Belgium

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