Immune Regulation News Volume 8.33 | Sep 9 2016

TOP STORY

An Essential Role for the IL-2 Receptor in T_reg Cell Function

Using genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, the authors found that capture of IL-2 was dispensable for the control of CD4⁺ T cells but was important for limiting the activation of CD8⁺ T cells, and that IL-2R-dependent activation of the transcription factor STAT5 had an essential role in the suppressor function of T_reg cells separable from signaling via the T cell antigen receptor. [Nat Immunol] Abstract

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Leptin Promotes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Increasing Autoantibody Production and Inhibiting Immune Regulation

Investigators compared the extent of susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus manifestations between leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and H2-matched leptin-sufficient (wild-type, WT) mice that had been treated with the lupus-inducing agent pristane. Leptin deficiency protected ob/ob mice from the development of autoantibodies and renal disease and increased the frequency of immunoregulatory T cells compared with leptin-sufficient WT mice. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

Resveratrol Ameliorates Dysregulation of Th1, Th2, Th17, and T Regulatory Cell-Related Transcription Factor Signaling in a BTBR T ⁺ tf/J Mouse Model of Autism

The authors showed that BTBR T ⁺ tf/J (BTBR) control mice exhibited a distinct immune profile from that of the B6 control mice. BTBR mice were characterized by lower levels of Foxp3⁺ and higher levels of RORγt⁺, T-bet⁺, and GATA-3⁺ production in CD4⁺ T cells when compared with B6 control. [Mol Neurobiol] Abstract

miR-24, miR-30b and miR-142-3p Interfere with Antigen Processing and Presentation by Primary Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

Scientists showed that overexpression of microRNA (miR)-24, miR-30b and miR-142-3p attenuates uptake and processing of soluble antigen ovalbumin in primary human macrophages and dendritic cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Novel Foxp3⁻ IL-10⁻ Regulatory T-Cells Induced by B-Cells Alleviate Intestinal Inflammation In Vivo

Investigators demonstrated that B cells induced a particular subset of regulatory T cells, expressing programmed cell death 1, inducible costimulator, lymphocyte-activation gene 3, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor, and OX-40, did not express Foxp3. [Sci Rep] Full Article

NR4A1-Dependent Ly6C^low Monocytes Contribute to Reducing Joint Inflammation in Arthritic Mice through Treg Cells

Scientists showed that treatment of arthritic wild type mice with cytosporone B (Csn-B), a NR4A1 specific agonist, significantly reduces severity of disease. Effects of Csn-B were absent in monocyte-depleted mice treated with clodronate until Ly6C^low monocytes were restored. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract

Induced Regulatory T Cells Are Phenotypically Unstable and Do Not Protect Mice from Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

The authors generated induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) and explored their therapeutic potential in a murine model of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Polyclonal naïve CD4⁺ T cells were cultured in vitro with IL-2, TGF-β, all-trans retinoic acid and monoclonal antibodies against IFNγ and IL-4, generating Foxp3⁺ iTregs. [Immunology] Abstract

The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Tyrphostin AG126 Reduces Activation of Inflammatory Cells and Increases Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells during Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Researchers investigated the role of AG126 on the key mediators of arthritic inflammation, namely, edema, arthritic score, presence of immunophenotypes including Foxp3⁺, CD4⁺Foxp3⁺, and CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T regulatory cells, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. [Mol Immunol] Abstract

Pneumococcal DnaJ Modulates Dendritic Cell-Mediated Th1 and Th17 Immune Responses through Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway

The authors investigated whether DnaJ contributes to the development of T cell immunity through the activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). They found that endotoxin-free recombinant DnaJ (rDnaJ) induced activation and maturation of BMDCs via recognition of Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of MAPKs, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt pathways. [Immunobiology] Abstract

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Treg-Centric View of Immunosuppressive Drugs in Transplantation: A Balancing Act

The authors explain the prominent cell signaling pathways critical for regulatory CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ T cells (Treg) maintenance and function, while reporting the effects of immunosuppressive drugs targeting these signaling pathways in clinical transplantation settings. [Am J Transplant] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immune regulation research field.

Caladrius Biosciences Completes Enrollment of First Patient Cohort in Phase II Trial of CLBS03 to Treat Type 1 Diabetes

Caladrius Biosciences announced that completion of enrollment of the first patient cohort in the Phase II Sanford Project: T-Rex Study occurred in August as planned. [Caladrius Biosciences] Press Release

Immunovaccine Announces Dosing of First Patient in Phase Ib Clinical Trial for DPX-Survivac in Combination with Incyte’s IDO1 Enzyme Inhibitor Epacadostat

Immunovaccine Inc. announced that the first patient with recurrent ovarian cancer has been treated in a Phase Ib clinical study of Immunovaccine’s novel T cell activating therapy, DPX-Survivac, in combination with epacadostat and low-dose cyclophosphamide. [Immunovaccine Inc.] Press Release

Three BC Cancer Agency Scientists Awarded more than $5.7 Million

BC Cancer Agency scientists, Drs. Samuel Aparicio, François Bénard and Christian Steidl have received several impressive grants totaling more than $5.7 million from the federal government. [Provincial Health Services Authority] Press Release

France Most Skeptical Country about Vaccine Safety

The French had less confidence in the safety of vaccines than the residents of 66 other countries recently surveyed by researchers. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Workshop on Ethics of Monkey Research Earns Cheers and Boos

Depending on whom you ask, the U.S. government workshop on the state of nonhuman primate research was either a raging success or a complete fiasco. The event, held at the National Institutes of Health brought together dozens of scientists, veterinarians, and bioethicists to discuss how research on monkeys and related animals is contributing to human medicine and to review the welfare policies that surround this work. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposium: PI3K Pathways in Immunology, Growth Disorders and Cancer
January 19-23, 2017
Santa Fe, United States

NEW Cell Culture & Downstream World Congress 2017
February 21-22, 2017
Munich, Germany

NEW World Advanced Therapies & Regenerative Medicine Congress 2017
May 17-19, 2017
London, United Kingdom

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Professor – Clinical Immunology (Lund University)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Molecular Immunology (University of California, San Diego)

NEW Chair – Medical Biology (Masaryk University)

Technical Sales Representative (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Stem Cell Biology & Immunology (Toronto General Research Institute & McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Genomics and Human Immunity (The Jackson Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Translational Immunology (University of Eastern Finland)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Mucosal Immunology (University of Utah)

Postdoctoral Position – Tumor Immunology and T Cell Differentiation (University of Lausanne)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist (National Taiwan University)

Postdoctoral Position – Tumor Immunology (Roswell Park Cancer Institute)

Postdoctoral Research – Fellow Thymic and Immune Regeneration (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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