Immune Regulation News Volume 9.31 | Aug 18 2017

TOP STORY

Increased Tumor-Infiltrating CD45RA⁻CCR7⁻ Regulatory T-Cell Subset with Immunosuppressive Properties Foster Gastric Cancer Progress

Scientists found that patients with gastric cancer showed a significantly higher Treg infiltration in tumors, and the CD45RA⁻CCR7⁻ Treg subset constituted most of the tumor-infiltrating Tregs. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

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Histone/Protein Deacetylase 11 Targeting Promotes Foxp3⁺ Treg Function

Researchers report data from mice with constitutive or conditional deletion of histone/protein deacetylase (HDAC) 11 within Foxp3⁺ Treg cells, and their use, along with small molecule HDAC11 inhibitors, in allograft models. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Osthole Treatment Ameliorates Th2-Mediated Allergic Asthma and Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects on Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function

The authors showed that oral administration of osthole to BALB/c mice after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization ameliorated all of the cardinal features of T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated allergic asthma; namely, the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and the production of Th2-type cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

IL-4/IL-13 Heteroreceptor Influences Th17 Cell Conversion and Sensitivity to Regulatory T Cell Suppression to Restrain Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

Investigators used mice in which the common cytokine receptor for IL-4 and IL-13, namely the IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 heteroreceptor (HR), is compromised and determined whether the lack of signaling by endogenous IL-4 and IL-13 through the HR influences the function of effector Th1 and Th17 cells in a Treg-dependent fashion. [J Immunol] Abstract

The Regulation of Regulation: IL-10 Increases CD4⁺CD25⁺ Regulatory T Cells but Impairs Their Immunosuppressive Activity in Murine Models with Schistosomiasis japonica or Asthma

By using a S. japonicum-infected murine model, researchers showed that the elevated IL-10 contributed to Treg induction but impaired their immunosuppressive function. Their investigations further suggest that this may relate to up-regulating serum TGF-β level but decreasing membrane-bound TGF-β of Tregs by IL-10 during S. japonicum infection. [Immunology] Abstract

A Pilot Study Comparing T-Regulatory Cell Function among Healthy Children in Different Areas of Gansu, China

Investigators explored whether exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leads to changes in Treg cells functions of children living in Gansu, China, where ambient air pollution levels are much higher than those in California, and explored potential mechanisms of PAH-induced immunological dysfunctions. [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] Abstract

Overexpression of Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Responses in Osteoarthritis

Scientists investigated the effect of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) on Tregs in osteoarthritis (OA). They observed that the proportion of LAG-3-expressing cells in CD4⁺CD25⁺/high T cells and Foxp3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺/high T cells were significantly upregulated in OA patients. [DNA Cell Biol] Abstract

Differential Transcriptome of Tolerogenic versus Inflammatory Dendritic Cells Points to Modulated T1D Genetic Risk and Enriched Immune Regulation

Using deep mRNA sequencing, researchers compared transcriptomes of 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD₃/dexametasone-modulated tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) with that of non-modulated mature inflammatory DCs. [Genes Immun] Abstract

Human Blood T_fr Cells Are Indicators of Ongoing Humoral Activity Not Fully Licensed with Suppressive Function

Scientists found that blood T follicular regulatory (T_fr) cells are increased in Sjögren syndrome, an autoimmune disease with ongoing germinal center reactions, especially in patients with high autoantibody titers, as well as in healthy individuals upon influenza vaccination. [Sci Immunol] Full Article

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Immunomodulation: A Definitive Role of MicroRNA-142

The author discusses the important functional roles of miR-142 in inflammatory and immune response in different physiological and disease setting. [Dev Comp Immunol] Abstract

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ViraCyte Awarded $8.99M from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas

ViraCyte, LLC. announced notification of funding approval for a Product Development Research grant totaling $8.99 million by the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas Oversight Committee to support the clinical development of the company’s lead product, Viralym-M – a “ready to administer” multivirus-specific T cell immunotherapy. [ViraCyte, LLC.] Press Release

UCART123 is First U.S. Gene Edited, Off-the-Shelf CAR T-Cell Program

Cellectis announced that the first patient with Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm has been dosed in Cellectis’ Phase I clinical study using the company’s wholly controlled TALEN^® gene edited product candidate UCART123 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. [Cellectis] Press Release

CARsgen Launches First-in-Class Anti-Claudin18.2 CAR-T Clinical Trial

CARsgen Therapeutics announced its first-in-class anti-Claudin18.2-CAR-T cell therapy for gastric and pancreatic cancers has entered into a Phase I clinical trial and started patient recruitment at the Changhai Hospital of Shanghai. [CARsgen Therapeutics (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

US FDA Grants Lion TCR Two Orphan Drug Designations of T Cell Therapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

US FDA has granted two orphan drug designations for T cell therapy products to Singapore-based biotech company, Lion TCR Pte Ltd., for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Lion TCR Pte Ltd. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

NSF Reiterates Policy on Teaching Good Research Habits despite Its Limitations

The National Science Foundation (NSF) in Arlington, Virginia, has decided to double down on its implementation of a congressionally mandated policy aimed at reducing research misconduct among NSF-funded scientists, despite a new report that notes problems with the agency’s approach. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Trump Offers His First List of Science Priorities, and It’s America First

President Donald Trump has translated his campaign promise to “make America great again” into his administration’s first blueprint for federal investment in science and technology. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

China’s Embrace of Embryo Selection Raises Thorny Questions

Fertility centers are making a massive push to increase preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a bid to eradicate certain diseases. [Nature News] Editorial

Budget Cuts Fuel Frustration among Japan’s Academics

Japan’s premier scientific research institution, RIKEN, turned 100 this year, and celebrated with a grand ceremony attended by the empress and emperor. But not everybody was in the mood to party. In the old days, RIKEN was known as a paradise for scientists because of its generous funding. No longer: as Japan cuts off funds in the face of continuing financial uncertainty, the cracks are starting to show. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW EACR: A Matter of Life or Death: From Basic Cell Death Mechanisms to Novel Cancer Treatments
February 1-3, 2018
Amsterdam, Netherlands

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Immunology (University of Georgia)

NEW Postdoctoral Research Fellows – Systems Immunology (University of Oslo)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Regulation of Immune Responses (University of Iowa)

Postdoctoral Fellowships – Immune Signaling and Metabolism (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center)

Research Fellow Position – Immunology Research (ShanghaiTech University)

Mouse Scientist – T Cell-Based Therapy (Tessa Therapeutics Pte Ltd.)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Tumor Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy (University of California, Los Angeles)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Allergy and Immunology (New York University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Neuroimmunology (Duke University)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer Immunotherapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Principal Senior Scientist – Human Disease Immune Profiling/Precision Immunology (Sanofi)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cell Biology and Innate Immunity (The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden)

Assistant Associate or Full Member – Cancer Immunology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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