Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 10.02 | Jan 19 2022

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    2022-01-19 | IIDN 10.02


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 10.02 – 19 January, 2022
    TOP STORY

    Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron by BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine–Elicited Human Sera

    Following two doses, sera had over a 22-fold reduced neutralizing titers against Omicron compared to Wuhan pseudovirus.
    [Science]

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    Tools and products for your COVID-19 research.
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    A Novel STING Agonist-Adjuvanted Pan-Sarbecovirus Vaccine Elicits Potent and Durable Neutralizing Antibody and T Cell Responses in Mice, Rabbits and NHPs

    Researchers discovered a new STING agonist, CF501, and found that CF501-adjuvanted RBD-Fc vaccine elicited significantly stronger neutralizing antibody and T cell responses than Alum- and cGAMP-adjuvanted RBD-Fc in mice.
    [Cell Research]

    Full Article

    Early Non-Neutralizing, Afucosylated Antibody Responses Are Associated with COVID-19 Severity

    To study the biology afucosylated IgG immune complexes, the authors developed an in vivo model that revealed that human IgG-Fc gamma receptor interactions could regulate inflammation in the lung.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

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    Engineered ACE2 Decoy Mitigates Lung Injury and Death Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Variants

    Investigators showed that three amino acid substitutions in an engineered soluble ACE2 protein markedly augmented the affinity for the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 isolate and multiple VOCs: B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta).
    [Nature Chemical Biology]

    Full ArticlePress ReleaseGraphical Abstract

    A Bispecific Monomeric Nanobody Induces Spike Trimer Dimers and Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 In Vivo

    Scientists described the isolation of a nanobody that interacted simultaneously with two RBDs from different spike trimers of SARS-CoV-2, rapidly inducing the formation of spike trimer–dimers leading to the loss of their ability to attach to the host cell receptor, ACE2.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Structural Insights in Cell-Type Specific Evolution of Intra-Host Diversity by SARS-CoV-2

    Researchers elucidated the structure, function and molecular dynamics of a BriSΔ variant spike providing mechanistic insight into how the deletion correlated to viral cell tropism, ACE2 receptor binding and infectivity of this SARS-CoV-2 variant.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Ex Vivo and In Vivo Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 with Combinatorial AAV-RNAi Expression Vectors

    The authors comprehensively illustrated the capacity of Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors co-expressing a cocktail of three short hairpin RNAs directed against the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and N genes as versatile and effective antivirals.
    [Molecular Therapy]

    AbstractFull ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Single-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations with Either BNT162b2 or AZD1222 Induce Disparate Th1 Responses and IgA Production

    Investigators compared the early immune responses against AZD1222 and BNT162b2. SARS-CoV-2 seronegative participants received a single dose of either vaccine and were analyzed for immune cell, effector T cell, and antibody dynamics.
    [BMC Medicine]

    Full Article

    Tissue-Level Alveolar Epithelium Model for Recapitulating SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cellular Plasticity

    Scientists presented a standardized primary alveolar cell culture method for establishing a human alveolar epithelium model that can recapitulate viral infection and cellular plasticity.
    [Communications Biology]

    Full Article

    Citrulline Depletion by ASS1 Is Required for Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation and Immune Responses

    Investigators found that macrophage citrulline declined rapidly after interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and/or lipopolysaccharide stimulation, which was required for efficient proinflammatory signaling activation.
    [Molecular Cell]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    CD169+ Macrophages in Lymph Node and Spleen Critically Depend on Dual RANK and LTbetaR Signaling

    The authors demonstrated that lymph node CD169+ macrophages were dependent on direct lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Full Article

    Alpha Synuclein, the Culprit in Parkinson Disease, Is Required for Normal Immune Function

    Using both wild-type and alpha-synuclein (αS) knockout mice, researchers showed that αS was a critical mediator of inflammatory and immune responses.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    MicroRNA-139 Expression Is Dispensable for the Generation of Influenza-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

    Using miRNA microarray profiling, investigators characterized the expression profile of naive and in vivo generated murine effector antiviral CD8+ T cells.
    [Journal of Immunology]

    Abstract

    Hemagglutinin-Based DNA Vaccines Containing Trimeric Self-Assembling Nanoparticles Confer Protection against Influenza

    Aiming to develop an effective vaccine with rapid production, robust immunogenicity, and high protective efficiency, a DNA vaccine was designed by fusing influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) with self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles, denoted as HA-F.
    [Journal of Leukocyte Biology]

    Abstract
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    REVIEWS

    SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Children: Understanding Diverse Outcomes

    The author discusses our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and hypothesize that a life history and energy allocation perspective might offer an additional explanation to mild infections, viral dynamics and the higher incidence of rare multisystem inflammatory syndromes in children and young people.
    [Immunity]

    AbstractFull Article

    K63 Ubiquitination in Immune Signaling

    Investigators detail the novel cellular sensors that are dependent on K63 ubiquitination for their function in the immune signaling network.
    [Trends in Immunology]

    Full Article

    Neutrophil Subsets and Their Differential Roles in Viral Respiratory Diseases

    Scientists present an overview of neutrophil heterogeneity and its impact on the course and severity of viral respiratory infectious diseases.
    [Journal of Leukocyte Biology]

    Full Article
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    The Pandemic’s True Death Toll: Millions More than Official Counts

    On 1 November, the global death toll from the COVID-19 pandemic passed 5 million, official data suggested. It has now reached 5.5 million. But that figure is a significant underestimate. Records of excess mortality — a metric that involves comparing all deaths recorded with those expected to occur — show many more people than this have died in the pandemic.
    [Nature News]

    Press Release

    US Would Seek Global Approach to Updating COVID-19 Vaccines, Official Says

    The FDA expects to take part in an internationally coordinated program aimed at deciding if, when, and how to update Covid-19 vaccines. The approach would ensure decisions are not left solely to individual vaccine manufacturers.
    [STAT News]

    Press Release

    COVID-19 Vaccine Makers Chase Variant-Ready Vaccines

    Pfizer aims to have an Omicron-specific COVID-19 vaccine ready by March. Assuming it gains approval, it will mark the first revision of its mRNA vaccine Comirnaty since the initial Emergency Use Authorization of the vaccine by the FDA on 11 December 2020.
    [Nature News]

    Press Release
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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Research Associate – Vaccine Designs

    Scripps Research Institute – La Jolla, California, United States

    Faculty Position – Molecular Therapeutics

    Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

    Research Scientist – Virus-Host Interactions and HIV

    Dana-Farber Cancer Institute – Boston, Massachusetts, United States

    Assistant Professor – Animal and Human Pathogens

    University of Florida – Gainesville, Florida, United States

    Research Assistant – Vaccine Development

    Centre for Immunology & Infection Limited – Hong Kong, China

    > See All Jobs

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