Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 10.13 | Apr 6 2022

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    2022-04-06 | IIDN 10.13


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 10.13 – 6 April, 2022
    TOP STORY

    Two Defence Systems Eliminate Plasmids from Seventh Pandemic Vibrio cholerae

    Researchers identified two plasmid defence systems conserved in the Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains responsible for the ongoing seventh cholera pandemic.
    [Nature]

    Abstract

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    SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Exposure History Shapes Phenotypes and Specificity of Memory CD8+ T Cells

    The authors utilized major histocompatibility complex multimers with single-cell RNA sequencing to profile SARS-CoV-2-responsive T cells ex vivo from humans with one, two or three antigen exposures, including vaccination, primary infection and breakthrough infection.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Full ArticlePress Release

    SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 Variant Is Neutralized by Vaccine Booster-Elicited Serum, but Evades Most Convalescent Serum and Therapeutic Antibodies

    Investigators measured neutralization of the Omicron BA.1 variant pseudovirus after two and three immunizations with the Pfizer/BioNTech162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, convalescent serum samples from unvaccinated individuals infected by different variants, and clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

    Full Article

    A Potent Human Monoclonal Antibody with Pan-Neutralizing Activities Directly Dislocates S Trimer of SARS-CoV-2 through Binding Both Up and Down Forms of RBD

    Scientists demonstrated monoclonal antibody 35B5 efficiently neutralized both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern, including B.1.617.2 variant, in vitro and in vivo.
    [Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy]

    Full Article

    Neuropathology and Virus in Brain of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Non-Human Primates

    Researchers showed neuroinflammation, microhemorrhages, brain hypoxia, and neuropathology that was consistent with hypoxic-ischemic injury in SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates, including evidence of neuron degeneration and apoptosis.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full ArticlePress Release

    SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Airway Cells Causes Intense Viral and Cell Shedding, Two Spreading Mechanisms Affected by IL-13

    To investigate viral spread, primary human airway epithelial cell cultures were infected with SARS-CoV-2, and host-virus interactions were examined via electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and gene expression analyses.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Full ArticlePress Release

    Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Elicited by mRNA Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in People Living with HIV (PLWH) Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) According with Current CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count

    The authors investigated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH according to their current CD4 T cell count.
    [Clinical Infectious Diseases]

    Abstract

    Clinical and Virological Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant: A Prospective Cohort Study

    COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant exhibited prolonged viable viral shedding with more severe symptoms than those infected with non-delta variants.
    [Clinical infectious Diseases]

    Abstract

    Defining the Early Stages of Intestinal Colonisation by Whipworms

    Scientists investigated early infection events using both Trichuris muris infections of mice and murine caecaloids, the first in vitro system for whipworm infection and organoid model for live helminths.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Reprogramming Dysfunctional CD8+ T Cells to Promote Properties Associated with Natural HIV Control

    Investigators showed that targeting the signaling pathways Wnt/TCF-1 and mTORC through GSK3 inhibition to reprogram HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from non-controllers promoted functional capacities associated with natural control of infection.
    [Journal of Clinical Investigation]

    AbstractFull ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Chemical-Genetic Interaction Mapping Links Carbon Metabolism and Cell Wall Structure to Tuberculosis Drug Efficacy

    The authors utilized conditional Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) knockdown mutants of essential genes as an experimentally tractable surrogate for drug treatment and probed the relationship between Mtb carbon metabolism and chemical-genetic interactions.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Abstract

    The Candida albicans Toxin Candidalysin Mediates Distinct Epithelial Inflammatory Responses through p38 and EGFR-ERK Pathways

    In cultured oral epithelial cells, candidalysin activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, which resulted in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) activation, IL-6 release, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation without affecting the induction of c-Fos.
    [Science Signaling]

    Abstract

    NK Cells and Monocytes Modulate Primary HTLV-1 Infection

    Researchers investigated the impact of monocytes, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells in primary HTLV-1 infection by depleting cell subsets and exposing macaques to either HTLV-1 wild type or to the HTLV-1p12KO mutant.
    [PLoS Pathogens]

    Full Article

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    Role of Hormones in the Pregnancy and Sex-Specific Outcomes to Infections with Respiratory Viruses

    The authors address the unique role of adaptive and innate immune cells in the control of pathogenic respiratory viruses and how pregnancy and specific hormones can impact their effector actions.
    [Immunological Reviews]

    Abstract

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Aligos Therapeutics Selects Drug Candidate ALG-097558, a Potent Ritonavir-Free Oral Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19, to Advance into Development

    Aligos Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it has selected ALG-097558, a broad spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor, as its drug candidate to move forward into development.
    [Aligos Therapeutics, Inc.]

    Press Release

    African Clinical Trial Denied Access to Key COVID Drug Paxlovid

    Researchers in a pivotal African clinical trial have been denied access to a key COVID-19 antiviral drug, frustrating efforts to test the treatment in African populations and in combination with therapies that could potentially expand its utility on the continent.
    [Nature]

    Press Release

    ‘A Slow-Moving Glacier’: NIH’s Sluggish and Often Opaque Efforts to Study Long COVID Draw Patient, Expert Ire

    Fifteen months ago, Congress showered the NIH with a massive $1.2 billion to research the mysterious cases of patients who never fully recover from COVID-19 infections. But so far, the NIH has brought in just 3% of the patients it plans to recruit.
    [STAT News]

    Press Release

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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

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    University of Bern – Bern, Switzerland

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