 | | Vol. 10.44 – 16 November, 2022 |
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| Whether reinfection adds to risks incurred after first infection is unclear. Researchers used the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ national healthcare database to build a cohort of individuals with one SARS-CoV-2 infection, reinfection and a noninfected control.
[Nature Medicine] |
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| PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal |
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| Scientists analyzed binding and neutralizing antibody measurements fiour weeks post vaccination as correlates of risk of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 through 83 d post vaccination in the Phase III, double-blind placebo-controlled phase of ENSEMBLE.
[Nature Microbiology] |
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| Considering the immune imprint in Omicron infection is unclear, researchers delineated the innate immune landscape of human Omicron infection via single-cell RNA sequencing, surface proteome profiling, and plasma cytokine quantification.
[Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy] |
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| Immunofluorescence and transcriptomic analyses of infected hamsters confirm that three-pronged genetic modifications attenuate the proinflammatory pathways more than the removal of the polybasic cleavage site alone.
[Nature Communications] |
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| The MARCH database is a retrospective observational study of serological responses in patients with blood disorders. Scientists presented data on 381 patients with hematological malignancies.
[Nature Communications] |
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| Investigators showed that human CD8+ T cells upregulated the expression of ACE2, the Spike receptor, during differentiation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
[Journal of Experimental Medicine] |
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| By interrogating the peripheral blood of healthy convalescent donors, researchers identified immunodominant and protective T cell target antigens, and generated and characterized polyclonal VST lines with activity against multiple clinically important SARS-CoV-2 variants.
[Haematologica] |
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| Scientists investigated Hippo pathway dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 infection by utilizing COVID-19 lung samples and human cell models based on pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human primary lung air–liquid interface cultures.
[PLoS Biology] |
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| Adults of varying fitness levels who had received either the Moderna or Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine between two weeks and six months prior, completed health history and physical activity questionnaires, had their blood drawn, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength assessed.
[Scientific Reports] |
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| Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study of immunocompromised participants, 5–21 years old, who received two prior doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
[Pediatric Research] |
| | MORE IMMUNOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE |
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| To confirm the cellular and molecular requirements for immunity against C. cassiicola, scientists developed a mouse model of this infection. Mouse macrophages required Dectin-1 and CARD9 for IL-1β and TNF-α production, which enhanced fungal killing in an interdependent manner.
[Journal of Clinical Investigation] |
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| Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, research identified the host SMC5/6 complex as essential for HIV-1 epigenetic silencing. They showed that SMC5/6 bound to and then SUMOylates unintegrated chromatinized HIV-1 DNA.
[Nature Microbiology] |
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| The authors developed a murine model of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) diabetic wound infection and, using dual RNA sequencing, demonstrated that GBS infection triggered an inflammatory response.
[Science Advances] |
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| Scientists illustrated that IL-33 triggered the excessive generation of medullary thymic epithelial cell IV in a Pou2f3-dependent manner, as a consequence, disturbed mTEC/cortical TECcompartment, and caused thymic involution during severe infection.
[Nature Communications] |
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| Researchers investigated if vaccine-elicited immunity to Ad26 vector–based vaccines significantly influenced antigen-specific immune responses induced by a subsequent vaccination with Ad26 vector–based vaccine regimens against different disease targets in non-human primates.
[NPJ Vaccines] |
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| To determine differential functional abilities of T cells associated with resistance and susceptibility to Marek’s disease, scientists identified immunodominant CD4+TCRvβ1 T cell epitopes within the pp38 antigen of MDV in B19 and B21 MHC haplotype chickens using an ex vivo ELISPOT assay for chicken IFN-gamma.
[Frontiers in Immunology] |
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| Investigators found that distinct molecular signatures distinguished subunit vaccine-elicited lung interstitial CD8+ Trm cells from subunit vaccine-elicited CD8+ effector memory and splenic memory T cells.
[Scientific Reports] |
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| The authors investigated the gene expression levels of pattern recognition receptors, and associated cytokines on the intestinal mucosa of neonatal piglets either infected with a single- or co-infected with porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using real-time PCR.
[Scientific Reports] |
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| Scientists summarize recent advances in understanding how mammalian cells sense virus-encoded effector proteins, the downstream signaling pathways that are triggered by these sensing events, and how viruses manipulate these pathways to become more successful pathogens.
[Trends in Immunology] |
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| Investigators analyze the mechanisms of immune checkpoints in general and their role in tuberculosis in particular. They conclude with a reflection on the emerging paradigm and avenues for future research.
[European Respiratory Journal] |
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| GeNeuro announced the recruitment of first patients in its Phase II trial evaluating temelimab against long-COVID at the Geneva University Hospitals post-COVID clinic, as well as in all the other Swiss clinical centres participating to the study.
[GeNeuro] |
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| The cryptocurrency exchange FTX is sending aftershocks through the scientific community. “It’s definitely a mess,” says Josh Morrison, who heads 1Day Sooner, a pandemic preparedness research and advocacy organization that received $375,000 from the Future Fund and the FTX Foundation.
[ScienceInsider] |
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| February 15 – 17, 2022
Lorne, Victoria, Australia |
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| | STEMCELL Technologies, Inc. – Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
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| | University of Toronto Mississauga – Mississauga, Ontario, Canada |
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| | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai – New York, New York, United States |
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| | St. Michael’s Hospital – Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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| | UniversitĂ© Libre de Bruxelles – Gosselies, Belgium |
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