Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 11.03 | Jan 25 2023

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    2023-01-25 | IIDN 11.03


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 11.03 – 25 January, 2023
    TOP STORY

    Polyamine Metabolism Impacts T Cell Dysfunction in the Oral Mucosa of People Living with HIV

    Mechanistic studies using an in vitro human tonsil organoid infection model revealed that HIV infection of T cells resulted in increased polyamine synthesis, which was dependent on the activities of caspase-1, IL-1β, and ornithine decarboxylase-1.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article
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    Dynamic Activity in cis-Regulatory Elements of Leukocytes Identifies Transcription Factor Activation and Stratifies COVID-19 Severity in ICU Patients

    The authors profiled transcription initiation in critically ill COVID-19 patients, identifying transcription factor motifs that correlated with clinical lung injury and disease severity.
    [Cell Reports Medicine]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Efficient Targeted Delivery of Bifunctional Circular Aptamer-ASO Chimera to Suppress the SARS-CoV-2 Proliferation and Inflammation

    A dual-function circular aptamer-ASO chimera (circSApt-NASO) was designed to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation. The chemically unmodified circSApt-NASO exhibited high serum stability by artificial cyclization.
    [Small]

    Abstract

    Altered Host Protease Determinants for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

    Scientists showed that membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase could cleave SARS-CoV-2 spike and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and facilitate spike-mediated fusion.
    [Science Advances]

    Full Article

    Broadly Neutralizing Aptamers to SARS-CoV-2: A Diverse Panel of Modified DNA Antiviral Agents

    Investigators report the identification of modified DNA-based aptamers that selectively bound to the S1, S2, or receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
    [Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Comparing the SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Response in Human Milk after Homologous and Heterologous Booster Vaccinations

    Researchers investigated the longitudinal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in human milk of 26 lactating women who received a COVID-19 booster dose of an mRNA-based vaccine, and evaluated if the response differed for those who received a similar or different vaccine type in their primary vaccination.
    [Communications Biology]

    Full Article

    Stacking the Odds: Multiple Sites for HSV-1 Latency

    The authors investigated the possible contribution of various cells, including B cells, dendritic cells, glial cells, innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, microglia, monocytes, natural killer cells, neutrophils, and T cells isolated from trigeminal ganglia of latently herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected mice.
    [Science Advances]

    Abstract

    Malaria-Driven Expansion of Adaptive-Like Functional CD56-Negative NK Cells Correlates with Clinical Immunity to Malaria

    To investigate the effect of repeated malaria on NK cell responses, researchers comprehensively profiled the NK cell response in a cohort of 264 Ugandan children.
    [Science Advances]

    Abstract

    STING Controls T Cell Memory Fitness during Infection through T Cell-Intrinsic and IDO-Dependent Mechanisms

    Using Listeria monocytogenes strains engineered to induce different levels of c-di-AMP, scientists found that high STING signals impaired T cell memory upon infection via increased Bim levels and apoptosis.
    [Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America]

    Abstract

    Toxin Expression during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Imprints Host Immunity to Inhibit Vaccine Efficacy

    Investigators established a mouse model in which S. aureus skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) is followed by vaccination and secondary SSTI.
    [Npj Vaccines]

    Full Article
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    REVIEWS

    Functional Nucleic Acids As Potent Therapeutics Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    Scientists survey typical functional nucleic acid-related therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection, including aptamers, aptamer-integrated DNA frameworks, functional RNA, and CRISPR-Cas technology.
    [Cell Reports Physical Science]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Correlates of Immunity to Group A Streptococcus: A Pathway to Vaccine Development

    The authors summarise the findings from natural infection studies, existing assays of immunity to Strep A, and highlight the gaps in knowledge to guide the development of Strep A vaccines and associated correlates of protection.
    [npj Vaccines]

    Abstract
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    EU Plans Changes to Pharmaceuticals Law to Avoid Medicine Shortages

    Proposed changes to a European Union pharmaceuticals law will include stronger obligations for the supply of medicines and earlier notifications of shortages, according to Stella Kyriakides the EU Health Commissioner Stella Kyriakides.
    [Reuters]

    Press Release
    FEATURED EVENT

    EBMT 49th Annual Meeting

    April 23 – 26, 2023
    Paris, France

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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Postdoctoral Position – Coronavirus Research

    LMU Munich – Munich, Germany

    Sheila Joan Smith Professorship – Immunology

    University of Cambridge – Cambridge, United Kingdom

    Research Chair – Immunology

    The University of Edinburgh – Edinburgh, United Kingdom

    European Market Development Manager – Immunology

    STEMCELL Technologies – St. Egreve, France

    Faculty Positions – Virology

    Rutgers New Jersey Medical School – Newark, New York, United States

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