Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 3.35 | Sep 16 2015

Double-Negative T Resident Memory Cells of the Lung React to Influenza Virus Infection via CD11c^hi Dendritic Cells
Scientists addressed the kinetics, differentiation, and antigen specificity of CD4⁻CD8⁻ double-negative (DN) T cells. NK1.1⁻ DNT cells had a separate antigen-specific repertoire in the steady-state lung, and expanded rapidly in response to influenza A virus infection, irrespectively of the severity of infection. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Bone Marrow Transplantation Alters Lung Antigen-Presenting Cells to Promote T_H17 Response and the Development of Pneumonitis and Fibrosis following Gammaherpesvirus Infection
Investigators developed a model of syngeneic bone marrow transplantion (BMT) followed by infection with murine gamma herpesvirus-68 that results in pneumonitis and fibrosis and mimics human “noninfectious” hematopoietic stem cell transplantation complications. CD4 T cells in BMT mice are skewed toward interleukin-17A rather than interferon-γ production. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Standardization of the Antibody-Dependent Respiratory Burst Assay with Human Neutrophils and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Scientists optimized the antibody-dependent respiratory burst assay, which assesses the ability of antibodies to activate the release of reactive oxygen species from human neutrophils in response to P. falciparum blood-stage parasites. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Vaccination with Klebsiella pneumoniae-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Protects against Bacteria-Induced Lethality via Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity
Scientists evaluated whether K. pneumoniae-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) confer protection against bacteria-induced lethality. K. pneumoniae-derived EVs isolated from in vitro bacterial culture supernatants induced innate immunity, including the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecule expression and proinflammatory mediator production. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article

HIV

Strain-Specific V3 and CD4 Binding Site Autologous HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Select Neutralization-Resistant Viruses
Researchers describe the development and evolution in vivo of antibodies distinguished by their target specificity for third variable (V3) and CD4 binding site epitopes on autologous tier 2 viruses but not on heterologous tier 2 viruses. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Gut Immune Dysfunction through Impaired Innate Pattern Recognition Receptor Expression and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Chronic SIV Infection
Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque model of AIDS, investigators found a robust increase in pattern recognition receptors and inflammatory cytokine gene expression during the acute SIV infection in both peripheral blood and gut mucosa, coinciding with viral replication. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

The Role of Antigen Presenting Cells in the Induction of HIV-1 Latency in Resting CD4⁺ T-Cells
Scientists determined whether different antigen presenting cells, including subpopulations of dendritic cells and monocytes, were able to induce post-integration latent infection in resting CD4⁺ T-cells, and examined potential cell interactions that may be involved using RNA-seq. [Retrovirology] Full Article

Combinatorial Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Vaccination Reduces Viral Pathogenesis following SHIV89.6P-Challenge
Researchers used a combinatorial approach in which following engraftment of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells, pigtailed macaques were vaccinated with a previously developed vaccinia-based vaccine expressing SIV-Gag, Pol. Using this dual therapy approach, lower viremia was detected in both the acute and chronic phase of disease with levels reaching near the lower limits of detection. [Gene Ther] Abstract

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IAVI and CureVac Partner to Accelerate Development and Testing of AIDS Vaccine Candidates
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) and CureVac are partnering to accelerate the development of AIDS vaccines, utilizing novel immunogens developed by IAVI and partners, delivered via CureVac’s novel messenger RNA technology. [CureVac GmbH] Press Release

Research Power against Fungal Disease Revealed at Manchester Center Launch
The Manchester Fungal Infection Group is a new international center of excellence for fungal infection biology and translational antifungal research at The University of Manchester. It is integrating its research with that of clinicians and industry. [The University of Manchester] Press Release

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Assistant Professor – Immunology (Erasmus University Medical Center)

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Postdoctoral Position – Immunology and Virology (Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research)

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