Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 4.21 | Jun 1 2016

TOP STORY

Adjuvant-Dependent Innate and Adaptive Immune Signatures of Risk of SIV_mac251 Acquisition

The authors found that an Aventis Pasteur’s canarypox vector (ALVAC)–simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and gp120 alum (ALVAC–SIV + gp120) equivalent vaccine, but not an ALVAC–SIV + gp120 MF59 vaccine, was efficacious in delaying the onset of SIV_mac251 in rhesus macaques, despite the higher immunogenicity of the latter adjuvant. [Nat Med] Abstract

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Zika Virus Infects Human Placental Macrophages

Researchers demonstrated that the contemporary Zika virus strain PRVABC59 infects and replicates in primary human placental macrophages, called Hofbauer cells, and to a lesser extent in cytotrophoblasts, isolated from villous tissue of full-term placentae. [Cell Host Microbe] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Expanded Lung T-bet⁺RORγT⁺ CD4⁺ T-cells in Sarcoidosis Patients with a Favorable Disease Phenotype

Researchers aimed to characterize patterns of CD4⁺ T-cell lineage plasticity underlying the differences in clinical presentation and disease course between the acute form, Lofgren’s syndrome, and the heterogeneous, potentially progressive “non-Lofgren” form.33 pulmonary sarcoidosis patients and nine controls underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. [Eur Respir J] Abstract

Polyamine Transporter in Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Essential for Evading Early Innate Immune Responses in Pneumococcal Pneumonia

The authors compared an isogenic deletion strain of S. pneumoniae TIGR4 in polyamine transport operon with the wild type in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia. [Sci Rep] Full Article

B Cell Responses during Secondary Dengue Virus Infection Are Dominated by Highly Cross-Reactive, Memory-Derived Plasmablasts

To understand the cellular and functional properties of the acute dengue virus B cell response and its role in protection and immunopathology, researchers characterized the plasmablast response in four secondary Dengue virus type 2 patients. [J Virol] Abstract

MF59 Adjuvant Effects on Inducing Isotype-Switched IgG Antibodies and Protection after Immunization with T-Dependent Influenza Virus Vaccine in the Absence of CD4⁺ T Cells

To better understand the roles of CD4⁺ T cells in the adjuvant effects, scientists investigated the efficacy of T-dependent influenza virus split vaccine with MF59^® or alum in CD4-knockout and wild-type mice. [J Virol] Abstract

Exosomes Mediate Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Transmission and NK-Cell Dysfunction

Investigators report that exosomes present in the sera of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients contained both HBV nucleic acids and HBV proteins, and transferred HBV to hepatocytes in an active manner. Notably, HBV nucleic acids were detected in natural killer (NK) cells from both CHB patients and healthy donors after exposure to HBV-positive exosomes. [Mol Immunol] Full Article

HIV

PD-1⁺ and Follicular Helper T Cells Are Responsible for Persistent HIV-1 Transcription in Treated Aviremic Individuals

Scientists identified the memory CD4 T cell populations in blood and lymph nodes that are responsible for the production of replication-competent and infectious HIV-1, as well as for active and persistent virus transcription in antiretroviral therapy-treated, aviremic HIV-infected individuals. [Nat Med] Abstract

HIV-1 Infection Results in Increased Frequency of Active and Inflammatory slanDCs That Produce High Level of IL-1β

Investigators report an increase of inflammatory 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells (slanDCs) that are more activated and produce higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-1β during HIV-1 infection as compared to healthy controls. [J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr] Abstract

HIV–Host Interactome Revealed Directly from Infected Cells

Investigators performed differential isotopic labeling and affinity-capture mass spectrometric analyses on samples obtained from cultures of human lymphocytes to classify the vicinal interactomes of the viral Env and Vif proteins as they occur during natural infection. [Nat Microbiol] Abstract | Press Release

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Functional Mechanisms of Treg in the Context of HIV Infection and the Janus Face of Immune Suppression

The authors describe the functional mechanisms of regulatory T cells (Treg) to modulate immune activation during HIV infection, and how such control is no longer fine-tune orchestrated once Treg itself get infected. [Front Immunol] Full Article

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AHF Calls on FDA, Congress to Investigate Gilead Sciences Over HIV/AIDS Drug Patent Manipulation

AIDS Healthcare Foundation will host a Media Availability to announce its call on both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Congress to open investigations of Gilead Sciences Inc., a maker of HIV/AIDS medications. [AIDS Healthcare Foundation (Business Wire)] Press Release

New Idylla™ Ebola Virus Triage Test Granted Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. FDA

Janssen Pharmaceutica NV announced that the Idylla™ Ebola Virus Triage Test was granted emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [Janssen Pharmaceutica NV] Press Release

Allergan Receives FDA Approval of TEFLARO^® (Ceftaroline Fosamil) for Pediatric Patients

Allergan plc announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the company’s supplemental new drug application for TEFLARO^®, granting new indications for pediatric patients two months of age to less than 18 years of age with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, including infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and other designated susceptible bacteria. [Allergan plc] Press Release

FDA Grants Soligenix “Fast Track” Designation for SGX943 for the Treatment of Melioidosis

Soligenix, Inc. announced that its SGX943 development program has received “Fast Track” designation from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as adjunctive therapy with other antibacterial drugs, for the treatment of melioidosis, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. [Soligenix, Inc.] Press Release

Seqirus Receives FDA Approval for FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT™ (Influenza Vaccine) for People Four Years of Age and Older

Seqirus announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT™, the first four-strain, cell culture-derived, inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine for people aged four years and older. [Seqirus] Press Release

NEW 23^rd International Symposium on Hepatitis C Virus and Related Viruses
October 11-12, 2016
Kyoto, Japan

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NEW Pharmacologist/Toxicologist (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Research Associate – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientific Communications and Publishing Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – T Cell Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Bioengineering (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immune Response to Infection (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunity and Pathogenesis (Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute)

Principal Investigators – Infectious Diseases (CCID)

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