Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 4.24 | Jun 22 2016

TOP STORY

IL-15 Promotes Activation and Expansion of CD8⁺ T Cells in HIV-1 Infection

Investigators identified a bystander mechanism that promotes CD8 T cell activation and expansion in untreated HIV-1-infected patients. Compared with healthy controls, untreated HIV-1-infected patients have an increased population of proliferating, granzyme B⁺, CD8⁺ T cells in circulation. [J Clin Invest] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Cooperation between Monocyte-Derived Cells and Lymphoid Cells in the Acute Response to a Bacterial Lung Pathogen

Scientists used recently described methods to characterize the major inflammatory cells in lung after acute respiratory infection of mice with L. pneumophila. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article | Press Release

Patients with Tuberculosis Have a Dysfunctional Circulating B-Cell Compartment, Which Normalizes following Successful Treatment

Researchers analyzed the phenotypical and functional properties of B-cells during infection and disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus causing tuberculosis (TB), and included individuals with latent TB infection, active TB, individuals treated successfully for TB, and healthy controls. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

The Myeloid Immune Signature of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-Induced Murine Colon Tumorigenesis

Scientists examined the role of interleukin-17 and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis on the differentiation of myeloid cells into myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, which are known to promote tumorigenesis. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

B-Cell Repertoire Dynamics after Sequential Hepatitis B Vaccination and Evidence for Cross-Reactive B-Cell Activation

Investigators used high-throughput B-cell receptor sequencing to provide novel insight into B-cell dynamics following a primary course of hepatitis B vaccination. [Genome Med] Full Article

LANA E3 Ubiquitin-Ligase Activity Impacts Gammaherpesvirus-Driven Germinal Center B Cell Proliferation

Researchers utilized murid herpesvirus-4 infection of mice as a model system to address the role of latency-associated nuclear antigen E3 ligase activity in gammaherpesvirus latent infection. [J Virol] Abstract

Generalized Liver- and Blood-Derived CD8⁺ T-Cell Impairment in Response to Cytokines in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

The phenotype and cytokine responsiveness of blood- and liver-derived CD8⁺ T-cells from healthy controls and individuals with hepatitis C virus infection were compared. [PLoS One] Full Article

HIV

Self-Assembling Peptide for Co-Delivery of HIV-1 CD8⁺T Cell Epitope and Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Agonists R848 to Induce Maturation of Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cell and Augment Polyfunctional Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte sCTL) Response

Scientists investigated the use of self-assembling peptide EAK16-II based platform to achieve the co-delivery of CD8⁺ T cell epitope and TLR7/8 agonists for augmenting dendritic cells maturation and HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. [J Control Release] Full Article

KIF5B and Nup358 Cooperatively Mediate the Nuclear Import of HIV-1 during Infection

Investigators showed that the Kinesin-1 motor, KIF5B, induces a relocalization of the nuclear pore component Nup358 into the cytoplasm during HIV-1 infection. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article | Press Release

HIV-Infected Dendritic Cells Present Endogenous MHC Class II-Restricted Antigens to HIV-Specific CD4⁺ T Cells

Researchers showed that HIV-infected dendritic cells present MHC-II-restricted endogenous viral Ags to HIV-specific (HS) CD4⁺ T cells. This endogenous pathway functions independently of the exogenous route for HIV Ag presentation and offers a distinct possibility for the immune system to activate HS CD4⁺ T cells. [J Immunol] Abstract

Splenic Damage during SIV Infection: Role of T-Cell Depletion and Macrophage Polarization and Infection

Scientists used an accelerated SIV-infected macaque model to examine longitudinal effects on T-cell and macrophage populations and their susceptibilities to infection. [Am J Pathol] Abstract

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Macrophages in Progressive HIV/SIV Infections

The authors review the roles of macrophages in lentiviral disease progression, evidence that macrophages support viral replication in vivo, animal models where macrophage-mediated replication of SIV is thought to occur, how the virus can interact with macrophages in vivo, pathologies thought to be attributed to viral replication within macrophages, how viral replication in macrophages might contribute to the asymptomatic phase of HIV/SIV, and whether macrophages represent a long-lived reservoir for the virus. [J Virol] Abstract

Immunoproteomics of Aspergillus for the Development of Biomarkers and Immunotherapies

The authors review advances in the studies of immune responses against pathogenic Aspergilli as well as the current status of diagnosis and immunotherapy of Aspergillus infections. [Proteomics Clin Appl] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field.

A Novel Therapy for Genital Herpes Engages Immune Cells to Provide Significant Patient Benefits

A Phase II clinical trial demonstrated that a new type of treatment for genital herpes, an immunotherapy called GEN-003, may reduce the activity of the virus and the number of days with recurrent herpes. [Press release from the American Society for Microbiology discussing research presented at the ASM Microbe research meeting, Boston] Press Release

Argos Therapeutics Enters into Strategic Research Agreement with Adaptive Biotechnologies

Argos Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it is partnering with Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation to study precise response patterns to Argos’ investigational immunotherapies. [Argos Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Inovio Pharmaceuticals and GeneOne Life Science Receive Approval for First-in-Man Zika Vaccine Clinical Trial

Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and GeneOne Life Science, Inc. announced that they have received approval to initiate a Phase I human trial to evaluate Inovio’s Zika DNA vaccine to prevent infection from this concerning virus. [Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

Top HIV Scientists Awarded $42 Million Grant from NIH

With $42 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health, scientists from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University will lead a five-year research initiative to advance efforts to cure and prevent HIV/AIDS. [Oregon Health & Science University] Press Release

NEW HIV Research for Prevention (HIVR4P)
October 17-21, 2016
Chicago, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the immunology of infectious disease community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellowship – Modelling of the Immune Response to Ebola Vaccine (Inserm)

NEW Research Associate – Smart Phone-Connected Tests for Emerging Infectious Diseases (University College London)

NEW Two Postdoctoral Positions – Viral Hepatitis (Inserm)

Research Associate – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – T Cell Immunology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Bioengineering (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Assistant, Associate, and Full Professor – Infectious Diseases (University of Washington)

Research Associate – Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (King’s College London)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Immune Focused In Vitro Research (King’s College London)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – HIV Vaccine Research (Universitätsklinikum Essen)

Pharmacologist/Toxicologist (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Immune Response to Infection (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Principal Investigators – Infectious Diseases (CCID)

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