Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 4.34 | Aug 31 2016

TOP STORY

Neutrophil Pyroptosis Mediates Pathology of P. aeruginosa Lung Infection in the Absence of the NADPH Oxidase NOX2

Although neutrophils have a critical role in protection from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the mechanisms regulating inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in neutrophils and its physiological role are largely unknown. The authors sought to determine the specific mechanisms regulating neutrophil pyroptosis in P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 lung infection and to identify the pathological role of this process. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

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Mechanism and Role of MCP-1 Upregulation upon Chikungunya Virus Infection in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Researchers found that active chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection stimulated production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in monocytes. Importantly however, they found that communication with other leukocytes is crucial to yield MCP-1 by monocytes upon CHIKV infection. [Sci Rep] Full Article

CD4 and CD8 T Cells Mediate Distinct Lethal Meningoencephalitis in Mice Challenged with Tacaribe Arenavirus

Tacaribe virus localizes to the central nervous system within days of challenge, primarily infecting astrocytes in the cerebellum and brain stem. They showed that infection leads to inflammation, T cell and monocyte infiltration into the cerebellar parenchyma, apoptosis of astrocytes, neuronal degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells. [Cell Mol Immunol] Full Article

Hepatitis C-Specific Effector and Regulatory CD4 T-Cell Responses Are Associated with the Outcomes of Primary Infection

Clearance of primary hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with strong and broadly targeted cellular immune responses. Investigators aimed to characterize HCV-specific CD4⁺ effector and regulatory T-cell numbers and cytokine production during primary infection. [J Viral Hepat] Abstract

CD40L Expression by CD4⁺ but not CD8⁺ T Cell Regulates Antiviral Immune Responses in Acute LCMV Infection in Mice

Scientists report that virus-specific CD8⁺ T-cell responses as well as viral clearance are affected not only in the memory but also in the effector phase in CD40L^−/− mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong strain. [Eur J Immunol] Abstract

Modulation of the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Malaria/M. tuberculosis Co-Infection

Scientists investigated the cytokine response to purified protein derivative in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from tuberculosis (TB) patients co-infected with HIV or malaria and compared it to that of malaria- and HIV-free TB patients. [Clin Exp Immunol] Abstract

HIV

Dendritic Cells from the Human Female Reproductive Tract Rapidly Capture and Respond to HIV

Dendritic cells throughout the female reproductive tract were examined for phenotype, HIV capture ability and innate anti-HIV responses. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

HIV-Infected Children Have Lower Frequencies of CD8⁺ Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells that Correlate with Innate, Th17 and Th22 Cell Subsets

The authors evaluated the frequency of MAIT cells in perinatally HIV-infected children, their response to antiretroviral treatment and their associations with HIV clinical status and related innate and adaptive immune cell subsets with potent antibacterial effector functions. [PLoS One] Full Article

Broad HIV-1 Inhibition In Vitro by Vaccine-Elicited CD8⁺ T Cells in African Adults

Researchers showed that vaccines were well tolerated and induced high frequencies of broadly HIVconsv-specific plurifunctional T cells, which inhibited in vitro viruses from four major clades A, B, C, and D. [Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev] Full Article

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Immunoregulatory Functions of Immune Complexes in Vaccine and Therapy

With intensified research on Fcγ receptor-mediated immune modulation, as well as with immune complex‐directed antigen processing, presentation, and inflammatory responses, there are renewed interests of using immune complexes in vaccines and immunotherapies. [EMBO Mol Med] Abstract

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AbCellera Completes Antibody Discovery Project with Kodiak Sciences to Identify Lead Therapeutic

AbCellera Biologics Inc. announced the successful completion of its antibody discovery partnership with Kodiak Sciences. [AbCellera Biologics Inc.] Press Release

Hawaii Biotech Awarded Grant to Develop Chikungunya Virus Vaccine

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded Hawaii Biotech, Inc. a Small Business Innovation Research Phase I grant to develop a vaccine to protect against infection caused by the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus. [Hawaii Biotech, Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Don’t Redirect Ebola Cash to Zika Vaccines

Late in 2014, the US government finally put serious effort and money into combating the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The US$5.4-billion emergency fund approved by Congress was the largest amount of funding ever appropriated for a single international health crisis. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Cell & Gene Therapy Bioprocessing & Commercialization
October 5-7, 2016
Boston, United States

NEW Immunogenicity and Bioassay Summit 2016
October 26-28, 2016
Baltimore, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – B Regulatory Cells (Inserm)

Research Technologist – Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Cell Separation (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Translational Immunology (University of Eastern Finland)

Clinical Lecturer – Pediatric Emergency Medicine with Infectious Diseases (University of Bristol)

Postdoctoral Fellow(s) – Biomedical Diagnostics and Global Health Technologies (Cornell University)

Faculty Position – Immunology (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Mucosal Immunology (University of Utah)

Research Chair – Immunology and Infectious Disease (University of Edinburgh)

Scientist – Infectious Disease (Infectious Disease Research Institute)

PhD Positions – Infection Biology and Immunology (ZIBI Graduate School)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Quantitative Infectious Disease Methods (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Senior Researcher – Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Infectious Disease (Metabiota)

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