Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.27 | Jul 17 2019

TOP STORY

Metabolic Perturbations and Cellular Stress Underpin Susceptibility to Symptomatic Live-Attenuated Yellow Fever Infection

Investigators found that individuals with adaptive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reduced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity at baseline showed increased susceptibility to symptomatic outcome. YF17D infection in these individuals induced maladaptive ER stress, triggering downstream proinflammatory responses that correlated with symptomatic outcome. [Nat Med] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Altered Differentiation Is Central to HIV-Specific CD4⁺ T Cell Dysfunction in Progressive Disease

Researchers performed genome-wide transcriptional analyses and functional assays of CD4⁺ T cells specific for HIV from HIV-infected people before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. [Nat Immunol] Abstract | Press Release

Microinvasion by Streptococcus pneumoniae Induces Epithelial Innate Immunity during Colonization at the Human Mucosal Surface

Using epithelial modules from a human epithelial cell model that recapitulated in vivo findings, comprising of innate signaling and regulatory pathways, inflammatory mediators, cellular metabolism and stress response genes, the authors found that inflammation in the experimental human pneumococcal carriage model was most prominent around the time of bacterial clearance. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Salmonella Coiled-Coil- and TIR-Containing TcpS Evades the Innate Immune System and Subdues Inflammation

Investigators report that Salmonella Enteritidis produced a secreted protein (TcpS) that contained both a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain and a coiled-coil domain. TcpS blocked MyD88- and TRIF-mediated Toll-like receptor signaling, inhibited inflammatory responses, and promoted bacterial survival. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

IL-22-Binding Protein Exacerbates Influenza, Bacterial Super-Infection

Scientists exposed wild-type and IL-22-binding protein (IL-22BP)^−/− mice to influenza A/PR/8/34 for six days prior to infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Super-infected IL-22BP^−/− mice had decreased bacterial burden and improved survival compared to controls. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

HLA-I Associated Adaptation Dampens the CD8 T-Cell Response in HIV Ad5-Vectored Vaccine Recipients

Researchers assessed how HLA-I associated adaptation impacts HIV vaccine-induced CD8 T-cell responses in two past vaccine efficacy trials. [J Infect Dis] Abstract

mTORC2/Akt Activation in Adipocytes Is Required for Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice stimulated immune cell infiltration in visceral, and brown adipose tissue. Despite the absence of detectable bacterial dissemination to fat tissues, adipocytes produced localized pro-inflammatory signals that disrupted adipocyte lipid metabolism, resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy. [EBioMedicine] Full Article

A Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Mouse Model Recapitulating Human Convalescence

Investigators report a mouse model in which type I interferon deficient mice infected with a clinical isolate of CCHFV developed a severe inflammatory disease but ultimately recovered. [J Virol] Abstract

Neutrophil-Derived miR-223 as Local Biomarker of Bacterial Peritonitis

Researchers recorded microRNA profiles in the peritoneal dialysis effluent of patients presenting with symptoms of acute peritonitis and showed that elevated peritoneal miR-223 and reduced miR-31 levels were useful predictors of bacterial infection. Cell culture experiments indicated that miR-223 was predominantly produced by infiltrating immune cells, while miR-31 was mainly derived from the local tissue. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Host MicroRNA miR-1307 Suppresses Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Promoting VP3 Degradation and Enhancing Innate Immune Response

Based on a microarray-based miRNA profiling in the porcine kidney cell line PK-15, scientists identified 36 differentially expressed host miRNAs at the early stage of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection, among which miR-1307 was significantly induced. [Virology] Abstract

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Lessons from Next Generation Influenza Vaccines for Inflammatory Disease Therapies

Lessons can be learned for treating inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis from next generation approaches for development of universal influenza vaccines. Immunomodulation of inflammatory diseases, rather than ablation of cytokine or cellular responses, can address the root cause of the disease and provide potential cure. [Int Immunopharmacol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the immunology of infectious disease research field.

Kineta Secures NIAID Grant Worth up to $5.8M to Evaluate LHF-535 in Arenaviruses

Kineta, Inc. announced that it has secured a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) worth up to $5.8 million over five years to evaluate LHF-535 as a potential treatment for hemorrhagic arenaviruses including Lassa, Junín and Machupo. [Kineta, Inc.] Press Release

Spero Therapeutics Announces $5.9 Million Award from US Department of Defense to Further Clinical Development of SPR206

Spero Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it has received a $5.9 million award from the US Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs Joint Warfighter Medical Research Program. [Spero Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

Vaccination Rates Rise in Italy and France after Law Change

Vaccination coverage in France and Italy has increased following the expansion of mandatory vaccination laws, according to two analyses. [Nature News] Editorial

Measles Kills Thousands in Democratic Republic of Congo

Nearly 2,000 deaths have been recorded from measles so far this year in the Democratic Republic of Congo, exceeding the number from the country’s widely publicized Ebola outbreak, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus noted in a speech. [The Scientist] Editorial

Virologists Escorted Out of Lab in Canada

Canada’s national police force is investigating “possible policy breaches” after researchers were escorted from a lab at Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, CBC News reported. Prominent virologist Xiangguo Qiu, her colleague and husband Keding Cheng, and an unknown number of her students from China were removed from the lab. [The Scientist] Editorial

The Plan to Mine the World’s Research Papers

Carl Malamud is on a crusade to liberate information locked up behind paywalls — and his campaigns have scored many victories. Now, the 60-year-old American technologist is turning his sights on a new objective: freeing paywalled scientific literature. And he thinks he has a legal way to do it. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 17^th International Congress of Immunology (IUIS 2019)
October 19-23, 2019
Beijing, China

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Antibody-Mediated Protection of EBV (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

NEW Senior Staff Fellow – Viral Vaccines (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research)

Research Associate – Immune Cell Culture (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (University of California, San Diego)

PhD Studentship – Infection, Immunology and Global Health Research (Karolinska Institutet)

Postdoctoral Position – Infectious Disease (National Institute of Health)

Postdoctoral Positions – Infectious Disease (The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine)

Scientist – Infectious Diseases (Genentech, Inc.)

Research Associate – Immunology (Evotec)

Postdoctoral Position – Innate Immune Signaling in Spirochetal Diseases (UConn Health)

Postdoctoral Associate Positions – Infectious Diseases (University of Minnesota)

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