Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 7.33 | Aug 28 2019

TOP STORY

Effector T_H17 Cells Give Rise to Long-Lived T_RM Cells that Are Essential for an Immediate Response against Bacterial Infection

Using IL-17A tracking-fate mouse models, researchers found that a significant fraction of lung CD4 T_RM cells derive from IL-17A-producing effector (T_H17) cells following immunization with heat-killed Klebsiella pneumoniae. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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Development of a SFTSV DNA Vaccine that Confers Complete Protection against Lethal Infection in Ferrets

Scientists suggest that Gn/Gc may be the most effective antigens for inducing protective immunity and non-envelope-specific T cell responses also can contribute to protection against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection. [Nat Commun] Full Article

ZIKV Infection Induces Robust Th1-Like Tfh Cell and Long-Term Protective Antibody Responses in Immunocompetent Mice

Th1-like Tfh cells, but not Th1 cells, were essential for class switching of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific IgG2c antibodies and maintenance of long-term neutralizing antibody responses. [Nat Commun] Full Article

TOLLIP Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Resistance to Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia

Scientists evaluated the effect of TOLLIP on lung-specific Legionella pneumophila (Lp) control and immune response and associated a common functional TOLLIP variant with Lp-induced innate immune responses and Legionnaires’ disease susceptibility in humans. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii Activates a Syk-CARD9-NF-κB Signaling Axis and Gasdermin D-Independent Release of IL-1β during Infection of Primary Human Monocytes

Scientists identified a novel pathway of T. gondii induction of IL-1β via a Syk-CARD9-NF-κB signaling axis in primary human peripheral blood monocytes. Syk was rapidly phosphorylated during T. gondii infection of primary monocytes, and inhibiting Syk with the pharmacological inhibitors R406 or entospletinib, or genetic ablation of Syk in THP-1 cells, reduced IL-1β release. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

Protective HLA Alleles Are Associated with Reduced LPS Levels in Acute HIV Infection with Implications for Immune Activation and Pathogenesis

HLA class I alleles were associated with reduced levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the plasma during acute infection. Elevated LPS levels measured early in infection predicted accelerated CD4⁺ T cell decline, as well as immune activation and exhaustion. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

Combination of Modified NS1 and NS3 as a Novel Vaccine Strategy against Dengue Virus Infection

Scientists revealed humoral and cellular immune responses and the protective effects conferred by DJ nonstructural protein (NS)1 and NS3 immunization in the mouse model of Dengue virus infection [J Immunol] Abstract

Murine Leukemia Virus Exploits Innate Sensing by TLR7 in B-1 Cells to Establish Infection and Local Spread in Mice

Researchers demonstrated that TLR7 sensing and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in B-1 cells contributed to Friend murine leukemia virus (FrMLV) susceptibility. FrMLV infection in B-1 cell-deficient mice was significantly lower than in the wild-type mice and was rescued by adoptive transfer of wild-type B-1 cells. [J Virol] Abstract

TLR-2 Mediated Cytosolic-Ca²⁺ Surge Activates ER-Stress-Superoxide-NO Signalosome Augmenting TNF-α Production Leading to Apoptosis of Mycobacterium smegmatis-Infected Fish Macrophages

TLR-2 induced (Ca²⁺)_c-surge and ensuing cross-talk between ER-stress and superoxide potentiated headkidney macrophages (HKM) pathology by amplifying pro-inflammatory TNF-α production. The pro-oxidant environment triggers NO release which prolonged ER-stress and TNF-α production, culminating in HKM apoptosis and bacterial clearance. [Sci Rep] Full Article

IL-9 Blockage Reduces Early Hepatic Granuloma Formation and Fibrosis during Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Mice

The in vivo studies found that neutralization of IL-9 reduced liver granulomatous inflammation and collagen deposition around parasite eggs. The in vitro studies found that the treatment of primary HSC with IL-9 induced a significant increase of collagen and α-SMA. [Immunology] Abstract

Interrogation of a Live-Attenuated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Highlights Features Unique to Wild-Type Infection

Vaccination ± double mutant heat-labile toxin elicited responses to targeted canonical antigens, but relative to wild-type challenge, vaccine responses to some potentially protective non-canonical antigens including EtpA and the YghJ metalloprotease were diminished or absent. [npj Vaccines] Full Article

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Therapeutic Strategies for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Towards a Cure

Scientists review the recent literature that describes the rationale for curative therapies and the resulting compounds that are being tested in clinical trials for hepatitis B. [Nat Rev Drug Discov] Abstract

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Themis Bioscience Announces Exclusive License and Research Collaboration Agreement with MSD to Develop Vaccine Candidates

Themis Bioscience announced a research collaboration and exclusive license agreement with MSD Merck & Co., Inc. (MSD) for the discovery and development of undisclosed vaccine candidates using Themis’ measles virus vector-based platform. [Themis Bioscience] Press Release

Crozet BioPharma Announces $10.8 Million Agreement to Support Development of Single Dose Nipah Virus Vaccine through Partnership with Public Health Vaccines

Crozet BioPharma, LLC announced a $10.8 million total value partnering agreement with Public Health Vaccines, LLC to advance the development and manufacture of a vaccine against the Nipah virus, listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. [Crozet BioPharma, LLC] Press Release

Acurx Successfully Completes Ph1 Clinical Trial for ACX-362E in CDI

Acurx Pharmaceuticals, LLC announced that its lead product candidate, ACX-362E, has successfully completed the 68-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending dose Phase I clinical trial of ACX-362E in healthy volunteers. [Acurx Pharmaceuticals, LLC] Press Release

E25Bio Raises $2.3 Million to Enable Detection of Active Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya Viruses for At-Home Use

E25Bio announced it has raised $2.3 million in seed funding. Led by The Engine, which was launched by MIT to invest in early-stage Tough Tech companies, the investment includes participation from Alumni Ventures Group and angel investor Alejandro Chavez. [E25Bio (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Is Setting a Deadline for Eradicating Malaria a Good Idea? Scientists Are Divided

World Health Organization (WHO) dropped a minor bombshell when it released the summary of a report that says malaria eradication isn’t feasible in the foreseeable future. And it argues that setting any deadline will undermine disease control efforts, as it did when WHO set a similar goal 64 years ago. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Federal Rules Threaten to Discourage Undocumented Immigrants from Vaccinating Children

A number of pediatricians and public health officials said they have seen a decline in immigrant families using preventive health care services for their children since the Trump administration published its proposed “public charge” update last fall — even when the children are US citizens and are not subject to the rule. Under the rule, noncitizens hoping to qualify for permanent residency —also known as a green card — can be denied if authorities deem them to be a drain on public coffers. [STAT News] Editorial

NEW From Laboratory to Clinic: Generating New Therapeutic Targets for Unmet Needs
September 3-6, 2019
Oxford, United Kingdom

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Natural Killer Cells (Karolinska Institutet)

Scientific Communications Coordinator (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

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Senior Scientist – Infectious Disease (The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

Director – Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (Gladstone Institutes)

Innovation Scholar – Neglected Diseases (Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Influenza (University of Georgia)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Antibody-Mediated Protection of EBV (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology (University of California, San Diego)

Postdoctoral Position – Infectious Disease (National Institute of Health)

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