 | | Vol. 8.39 – 14 October, 2020 |
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| Researchers report that Fc engineering of anti-influenza IgG monoclonal antibodies for selective binding to the activating FcγR, FcγRIIa, resulted in enhanced efficacy to prevent or treat lethal viral respiratory infection with enhanced dendritic cell maturation and the induction of protective CD8+ T-cell responses.
[Nature] |
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 | | PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal |
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| Scientists suggested that the patient was infected by SARS-CoV-2 on two separate occasions by a genetically distinct virus. Thus, previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 might not guarantee total immunity in all cases.
[Lancet Infectious Diseases] |
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| The authors used human pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids to examine SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism. They found expression of viral receptor ACE2 in mature choroid plexus cells expressing abundant lipoproteins, but not in neurons or other cell types.
[Cell Stem Cell] |
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| Scientists tested a set of metallodrugs and related compounds, and identified ranitidine bismuth citrate, a commonly used drug for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, as a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent, both in vitro and in vivo.
[Nature Microbiology] |
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| Investigators found TMPRSS2 was part of a mucus secretory network, highly upregulated by type 2 inflammation through the action of interleukin-13, and that the interferon response to respiratory viruses highly upregulated ACE2 expression.
[Nature Communications] |
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| Researchers performed a large-scale screen of electrophile and non-covalent fragments through a combined mass spectrometry and X-ray approach against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, one of two cysteine viral proteases essential for viral replication.
[Nature Communications] |
| | MORE IMMUNOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE |
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| By performing experimental challenge of adult volunteers, scientists were able to measure variations in the status of the nasal mucosa before inoculation and in mucosal responses during the presymptomatic phase of infection.
[Science] |
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| Scientists reconstituted processes of reverse transcription and concerted integration in a cell-free system, using purified HIV-1 virions as the source of viral genomes and enzymes.
[Science] |
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| In malaria-endemic regions, antimalarial chemoprevention protects long after its cessation and associates with effects on CD4+ T cells. Scientists applied single-cell RNA sequencing and computational modeling to track memory development during Plasmodium infection and treatment.
[Nature Immunology] |
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| Researchers found that decreased tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 13 (PTPN13) expression was associated with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis B x protein. Patients with low PTPN13 expression showed a poor prognosis. Functional assays revealed that PTPN13 inhibited proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo.
[Oncogene] |
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| Scientists exploited the potential of Virus-Like Particles (VLP) to enhance immune responses to antigens, the ease of coupling peptides to the Q beta VLP and the existing murine malaria challenge to screen B-cell epitopes for protective efficacy.
[npj Vaccines] |
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| The authors reflect on the immunological and epidemiological aspects and implications of pre-existing cross-reactive immune memory to SARS-CoV-2, which largely originates from previous exposure to circulating common cold coronaviruses.
[Nature Reviews Immunology] |
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| Researchers present the epidemiology of acute and chronic viral hepatitis infection in pregnancy, the effect of pregnancy on the course of viral infection and, conversely, the influence of the viral infection on maternal and infant outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission.
[Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology] |
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| Scientists discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. They suggest to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment.
[Cell Death & Differentiation] |
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| Humanigen, Inc. announced that the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the US National Institutes of Health, launched its ACTIV-5 “Big Effect Trial”, designed to determine whether certain approved therapies or investigational drugs in late-stage clinical development show promise against COVID-19, and merits advancement into larger clinical trials.
[Humanigen, Inc.] |
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| Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen subsidiary, one of several companies in Phase III testing of vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, has temporarily suspended enrollment and dosing in all of its clinical trials after a patient experienced an adverse reaction during its Phase III ENSEMBLE trial.
[The Scientist] |
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| April 9 – April 14, 2021
Washington, DC, United States |
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| | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne – Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland |
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| | Lerner Research Institute – Cleveland, Ohio, United States |
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| | Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität – Bonn, Germany |
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| | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute – Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
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| | Purdue University – West Lafayette, Indiana, United States |
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