Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 9.01 | Jan 13 2021

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    IIDN 9.01 | Jan 13 2021


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 9.01 – 12 January, 2021
    TOP STORY

    Recapitulation
    of HIV-1 Env-Antibody Coevolution in Macaques Leading to Neutralization Breadth

    Neutralizing antibodies elicited by HIV-1 in naturally infected humans coevolve with viral envelope proteins in distinctive molecular patterns, in some cases acquiring substantial breadth.
    [Science]

    Abstract

    New human primary cell products—frozen leukopaks, regulatory T cells, and more. Click to view products.
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal
    SARS-CoV-2

    AXL
    Is a Candidate Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 That Promotes Infection of Pulmonary and Bronchial Epithelial Cells

    Using both a SARS-CoV-2 virus pseudotype and authentic SARS-CoV-2, researchers found that overexpression of AXL in HEK293T cells promoted SARS-CoV-2 entry as efficiently as overexpression of ACE2, while knocking out AXL significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in H1299 pulmonary cells and in human primary lung epithelial cells.
    [Cell Research]

    Full Article

    Single-Cell
    RNA Sequencing Reveals SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics in Lungs of African Green Monkeys

    Investigators compared African green monkeys inoculated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 or irradiated, inactivated virus to study the dynamics of virus replication throughout the respiratory tract. Interestingly, genomic RNA from the animals inoculated with the irradiated virus was found to be highly stable, whereas sub-genomic RNA, an indicator of viral replication, was found to degrade quickly.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

    Full Article

    Development
    and Structural Basis of a Two-MAb Cocktail for Treating SARS-CoV-2 Infections

    Scientists report the identification and characterization of two groups of mouse neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Capsid-Like
    Particles Decorated with the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Elicit Strong Virus Neutralization Activity

    Researchers developed two capsid-like particle-based vaccines displaying the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Neuroinvasion
    of SARS-CoV-2 in Human and Mouse Brain

    The authors used three independent approaches to probe the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect the brain. Using human brain organoids, they observed clear evidence of infection with accompanying metabolic changes in infected and neighboring neurons.
    [Journal of Experimental Medicine]

    Full Article

    MORE IMMUNOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

    Structural
    Basis for Antibody Inhibition of Flavivirus NS1–Triggered Endothelial Dysfunction

    Scientists present three crystal structures of full-length dengue virus NS1 complexed with a flavivirus–cross-reactive, NS1-specific monoclonal antibody, 2B7, at resolutions between 2.89 and 3.96 angstroms. These structures reveal a protective mechanism by which two domains of NS1 are antagonized simultaneously.
    [Science]

    Abstract

    Group
    1 Innate Lymphoid-Cell-Derived Interferon-γ Maintains Anti-Viral Vigilance in the Mucosal Epithelium

    Investigators demonstrated that type 1 innate lymphoid cells were the major immune force providing early protection during acute oral mucosal viral infection.
    [Immunity]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    γδ
    T Cells Suppress Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Infection by Direct Killing and Phagocyt

    In the presence of patient serum, γδ2 T cells phagocytosed and degraded opsonized infected red blood cells in a CD16-dependent manner, decreasing parasite multiplication.
    [Nature Immunology]

    Abstract

    T Resident Helper Cells Promote Humoral Responses in the Lung

    The authors characterized the dynamics and transcriptional regulation of lung-resident CD4+ T cells during influenza infection and identified a long-lived, Bcl6-dependent population that they have termed T resident helper cells.
    [Science Immunology]

    Abstract

    Tissue-Resident
    CD4+ T Helper Cells Assist the Development of Protective Respiratory B and CD8+ T Cell Memory Responses

    Researchers report that lung T helper cells provide local assistance for the optimal development of tissue-resident memory B and CD8+ T cells after the resolution of primary influenza virus infection.
    [Science Immunology]

    Full Article

    Suppression
    of Mucosal Th17 Memory Responses by Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Enhances Nasal Bordetella pertussis Carriage

    Scientists showed that, unlike whole-cell pertussis vaccines, acellular pertussis vaccines, while protective against lung colonization by B. pertussis, did not protect BALB/c mice from nasal colonization, but instead substantially prolonged nasal carriage.
    [npj Vaccines]

    Full Article

    Request a copy of the COVID-19 wallchart.
    REVIEWS

    Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

    More studies reveal that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all contribute to control of SARS-CoV-2, in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized cases of COVID-19. The specific functions and kinetics of these adaptive immune responses are discussed.
    [Cell]

    Abstract

    Systemic
    Immunoregulatory Consequences of Gut Commensal Translocation

    The authors discuss the current understanding of how the gut microbiota orchestrates systemic immunity during noninfectious extraintestinal diseases and homeostasis, focusing on the translocation of viable bacteria to gut-distal sites.
    [Trends in Immunology]

    Abstract

    Targeting
    the Signaling in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Diseases: Mechanism, Regulation, and Clinical Study

    Scientists summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in the Epstein–Barr virus research area, which includes DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system, oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA, radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy.
    [Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy]

    Full Article

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Roche Confirms US Government Agreement to Purchase Additional Doses of Regeneron’s Casirivimab and Imdevimab

    Roche confirmed that the US Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Defense will purchase additional supply of Regeneron’s casirivimab and imdevimab antibody cocktail for use in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients as part of Operation Warp Speed.
    [Roche (Globe Newswire, Inc.)]

    Press Release

    Gilead and Vir Biotechnology Establish Clinical Collaboration to Explore Combination Strategies for Functional Cure for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus

    Gilead Sciences, Inc. and Vir Biotechnology, Inc. announced that the companies have entered into a clinical collaboration to evaluate novel therapeutic combination strategies aimed at developing a functional cure for chronic hepatitis B virus.
    [Gilead Sciences, Inc. (BusinessWire, Inc)]

    Press Release

    FEATURED EVENT

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    February 3 – 23, 2021
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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

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    Salk Institute of Biological Studies – La Jolla, California, United States

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    Researcher – Neuroimmunology

    University of Luxembourg – Luxembourg, Luxembourg


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    Karolinska Institutet – Huddinge, Sweden

    Postdoctoral Positions – Virology

    University of Minnesota Medical School – Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

    Postdoctoral Scholar Position – Immunology and Synthetic Biology

    University of California Irvine – Irvine, California, United States

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