Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 9.26 | Jul 14 2021

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    2021-07-14 | IIDN 9.26


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 9.26 – 14 July, 2021
    TOP STORY

    Effectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile

    A countrywide mass vaccination campaign with the use of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was conducted in Chile starting on February 2, 2021.
    [New England Journal of Medicine]

    Full Article
    Who does immunology research in the Bolivian Andes? He does. Read Jason Young's story.
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Heterologous and Homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 Vaccination

    Scientists used Hannover Medical School’s COVID-19 Contact Study cohort of healthcare professionals to monitor ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (ChAd)-primed immune responses before and three weeks after booster with ChAd or BioNTech/Pfizer’s BNT162b2.
    [Nature Medicine]

    Full Article

    Mapping Mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD That Escape Binding by Different Classes of Antibodies

    The authors used a yeast-display system to map all mutations to the viral spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) that escaped binding by representatives of three potently neutralizing classes of anti-RBD antibodies with high-resolution structures.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Interactomes of SARS-CoV-2 and Human Coronaviruses Reveal Host Factors Potentially Affecting Pathogenesis

    Researchers conducted a comprehensive interactome study between the virus and host cells using tandem affinity purification and proximity labeling strategies and identified 437 human proteins as the high-confidence interacting proteins.
    [EMBO Journal]

    Abstract

    A SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Selected from COVID-19 Patients Binds to the ACE2-RBD Interface and Is Tolerant to Most Known RBD Mutations

    To develop human neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, antibody gene libraries from convalescent COVID-19 patients were constructed and recombinant antibody fragments against the receptor binding domain of the spike protein were selected by phage display.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Immunologic Mechanisms of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Administered by Microneedle Patch from a Randomized Phase I Trial

    Investigators compared the humoral and cellular immunologic responses in a subset of participants receiving influenza vaccination by microneedle patches to the intramuscular route of administration.
    [NPJ Vaccines]

    Full Article

    An Isoform of Dicer Protects Mammalian Stem Cells against Multiple RNA Viruses

    The authors identified an isoform of Dicer, named antiviral Dicer, that protected tissue stem cells from RNA viruses—including Zika virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2—by dicing viral double-stranded RNA to orchestrate antiviral RNAi.
    [Science]

    AbstractPress Release

    Macrophage and Neutrophil Death Programs Differentially Confer Resistance to Tuberculosis

    Researchers defined crucial in vivo functions of the death receptor-mediated and BCL-2-regulated apoptosis pathways in mediating protection against tuberculosis by eliminating distinct populations of infected macrophages and neutrophils and priming T cell responses.
    [Immunity]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Biomaterial Vaccines Capturing Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns Protect against Bacterial Infections and Septic Shock

    Scientists reported injectable biomaterial vaccines that triggered potent humoral and T-cell responses to bacterial antigens by recruiting, reprogramming and releasing dendritic cells.
    [Nature Biomedical Engineering]

    Full Article

    Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Synergistically Enhance the Antitumor Activity of Autologous Cancer Vaccines

    To specifically trigger sufficient antitumor reactivity without notable adverse effects, investigators developed an antigen and adjuvant codelivery nanoparticle vaccine based on Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membranes (EMs) and tumor cell membranes (TMs) from resected autologous tumor tissue.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

    Abstract

    Mechanical Strength of RNA Knot in Zika Virus Protects against Cellular Defenses

    Unfolding a Zika virus xoribonuclease-resistant RNA with optical tweezers revealed that it was the most mechanically stable RNA yet observed.
    [Nature Chemical Biology]

    Abstract

    CD27−CD38+ B Cells Accumulated in Early HIV Infection Exhibit Transitional Profile and Promote HIV Disease Progression

    While investigating B cell subsets among individuals recently infected with HIV, the authors observed an accumulation of CD27−CD38+ B cells and found that these cells could directly facilitate HIV infection of primary CD4+ T cells in vitro.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    ETV7 Limits Antiviral Gene Expression and Control of Influenza Viruses

    Investigators performed a CRISPR activation screen to identify previously unknown regulators of the type I Iinterferon (FN) response. They identified the strongly induced interferon-stimulated gene encoding ETS variant transcription factor 7 (ETV7) as a negative regulator of the type I IFN response.
    [Science Signaling]

    Abstract

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus Coinfection of Infant Tonsil Epithelium May Synergistically Promote Both HIV-1 and HCMV Spread and Infection

    Scientists showed that cell-free HIV-1 and its proteins gp120 and tat induced the disruption of tonsil epithelial tight junctions and increased paracellular permeability, which facilitates human cytomegalovirus spread within the tonsil mucosa.
    [Journal of Virology]

    Abstract
    Science is demanding. That's why scientists work smart.
    REVIEWS

    Mucosal Immunity to Poliovirus

    The authors summarize key findings in vaccine-induced intestinal immunity to poliovirus in infants, older children, and adults.
    [Mucosal Immunology]

    Full Article
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    ImmunityBio Announces Authorization to Proceed with Phase I/II/III Randomized Trial in South Africa of Their Dual-Antigen T-Cell Vaccine as a Universal Boost in Previously Vaccinated Participants Against COVID-19

    ImmunityBio, Inc. announced authorization from the South Africa Health Products Regulatory Authority to proceed with the South Africa Sisonke T-Cell Universal Boost trial. The Phase I/II/III study, which will begin in Q3 2021, is designed to evaluate hAd5 Spike + Nucleocapsid as a boost for South African healthcare workers previously vaccinated with an S-only vaccine.
    [ImmunityBio, Inc.]

    Press Release

    Tevogen Bio Announces FDA Clearance of Investigational New Drug (IND) Application For its Cytotoxic T Cell Therapy for COVID-19

    Tevogen Bio, a clinical stage biotechnology company, announced that the FDA has cleared its Investigational New Drug application for TVGN-489, Allogeneic COVID-19 Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, allowing Tevogen Bio to initiate a clinical trial of its investigational COVID-19 treatment.
    [Tevogen Bio (BusinessWire, Inc.)]

    Press Release
    FEATURED EVENT

    Melbourne Immunotherapy Network (MIN)

    August 6 – 7, 2021
    Marysville, Victoria, Australia

    > See All Events

    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Professor – Drug and Microbiome Interactions

    Tübingen University – Tuebingen, Germany

    Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Viral and Bacterial Lung Infections

    Johns Hopkins University – Baltimore, Maryland, United States

    Postdoctoral Fellow – Vascular Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2

    The European Molecular Biology Laboratory – Barcelona, Spain

    Assistant Professor – Tissue Assembly, Physiology, and Engineering

    University of Basel – Basel, Switzerland

    Senior Research Scientist/Principal Scientist – Immunology

    Hummingbird Bioscience – Singapore, Singapore

    > See All Jobs

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