Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 9.40 | Oct 20 2021

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    2021-10-20 | IIDN 9.40


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 9.40 – 20 October, 2021
    TOP STORY

    mRNA Vaccines Induce Durable Immune Memory to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern

    The authors longitudinally profiled vaccine responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals for six months after vaccination.
    [Science]

    Full Article

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    Replication and Single-Cycle Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 Replicons

    Investigators developed spike-deleted SARS-CoV-2 self-replicating RNAs using a yeast-based reverse genetics system.
    [Science]

    Full Article

    Effect of Delta Variant on Viral Burden and Vaccine Effectiveness against New SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the UK

    Scientists found that the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 against infections with symptoms or high viral burden was reduced with the B.1.617.2 variant compared to the B.1.1.7 variant.
    [Nature Medicine]

    Full Article

    Lung Epithelial and Endothelial Damage, Loss of Tissue Repair, Inhibition of Fibrinolysis, and Cellular Senescence in Fatal COVID-19

    Lung autopsy samples from 18 patients with fatal COVID-19, with symptom onset-to-death times ranging from 3 to 47 days, and antemortem plasma samples from six of these cases were evaluated using deep sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, multiplex plasma protein measurements, and pulmonary gene expression and imaging analyses.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

    Full Article

    Fractionating a COVID-19 Ad5-Vectored Vaccine Improves Virus-Specific Immunity

    Researchers performed mechanistic studies in mice to understand how the priming dose of an adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine affected long-term immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
    [Science Immunology]

    Full Article

    mRNA Vaccine-Induced T Cells Respond Identically to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern but Differ in Longevity and Homing Properties Depending on Prior Infection Status

    Investigators conducted a longitudinal study of infection-naïve and COVID-19 convalescent donors before vaccination and after their first and second vaccine doses, using a high-parameter CyTOF analysis to phenotype their SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells.
    [eLife]

    Abstract

    INO-4800 DNA Vaccine Induces Neutralizing Antibodies and T Cell Activity against Global SARS-CoV-2 Variants

    The authors compared humoral and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in subjects immunized with the DNA vaccine, INO-4800.
    [npj Vaccines]

    Full Article

    Immunodominant Linear B Cell Epitopes in the Spike and Membrane Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 Identified by Immunoinformatics Prediction and Immunoassay

    Three immunodominant linear B cell epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) were identified by immunoinformatics prediction, and confirmed by ELISA with sera from Macaca fascicularis vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 RBD subunit vaccine.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

    Designed, Highly Expressing, Thermostable Dengue Virus 2 Envelope Protein Dimers Elicit Quaternary Epitope Antibodies

    Using molecular modeling, scientists found DENV2 E protein mutations that induced dimerization at low concentrations and enhanced production yield by more than 50-fold.
    [Science Advances]

    Full Article

    Insertional Activation of STAT3 and LCK by HIV-1 Proviruses in T Cell Lymphomas

    Researchers showed that HIV-1 proviruses integrated in the first introns of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase could play an important role in the development of T cell lymphomas.
    [Science Advances]

    Full Article

    mTORC2 Confers Neuroprotection and Potentiates Immunity during Virus Infection

    The authors showed that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 was essential for the survival of experimental animals after ocular HSV-1 infection in vivo.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Evidence That Two Instead of One Defective Interfering RNA in Influenza A Virus-Derived Defective Interfering Particles (DIPs) Does Not Enhance Antiviral Activity

    Investigators demonstrated the successful production of DIPs harboring deletions in segments 1 and/or 3, using cell lines that co-expressed PB2 and PA.
    [Scientific Reports]

    Full Article

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    REVIEWS

    The Immunology of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Are the Key Questions?

    An important challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic has been to understand asymptomatic disease and the extent to which this may be a source of transmission. Areas that need greater clarity include the extent to which asymptomatic disease leads to persistent symptoms, and the quality, quantity and durability of immune priming required to confer subsequent protection.
    [Nature Reviews Immunology]

    Full Article

    Control of Host Mitochondria by Bacterial Pathogens

    The authors discuss nonimmunological pathogenic mechanisms that converge on the ability of bacteria to control the mitochondrial compartment of host cells.
    [Trends in Microbiology]

    Abstract

    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    US Food and Drug Administration Approves Expanded Indication of Gilead’s Biktarvy® for Treatment of HIV-1 in Pediatric Populations

    Gilead Sciences, Inc. announced the FDA approved a new low-dose tablet dosage form of Biktarvy® for pediatric patients weighing at least 14 kg to less than 25 kg who are virologically suppressed or new to antiretroviral therapy.
    [Gilead Sciences, Inc.]

    Press Release

    Moderna Announces FDA Advisory Committee Unanimously Votes in Support of Emergency Use for a Booster Dose of Moderna’s COVID-19 Vaccine in the US

    Moderna, Inc. confirmed that the FDA Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee recommended that the FDA grant an Emergency Use Authorization for a booster dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine at the 50 µg dose level for people aged 65 and older; people aged 18 to 64 who are at high risk of severe COVID-19; and people aged 18 to 64 whose exposure to COVID-19 puts them at risk for COVID-19 complications or severe illness.
    [Moderna, Inc.]

    Press Release

    Merck Receives Positive CHMP Opinion for VAXNEUVANCE™ (Pneumococcal 15-valent Conjugate Vaccine) in Individuals 18 Years of Age and Older

    Merck announced that the European Medicines Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use has recommended the approval of VAXNEUVANCE™ for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals 18 years of age and older.
    [Merck (BusinessWire, Inc.)]

    Press Release

    FEATURED EVENT

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    November 10 – 12, 2021
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    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

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    Helmholtz Zentrum München – Augsburg, Germany

    Department Chair and Tenured Professor – Climate, Infectious Diseases and Pandemic Science

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    University of Cambridge – Cambridge, England, United Kingdom

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    Colorado State University – Fort Collins, Colorado, United States

    Division Director – Infectious Diseases

    Vanderbilt University Medical Center – Nashville, Tennessee, United States

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