Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 9.44 | Nov 17 2021

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    2021-11-17 | IIDN 9.45


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 9.45 – 17 November, 2021
    TOP STORY

    Dexamethasone Modulates Immature Neutrophils and Interferon Programming in Severe COVID-19

    Using single-cell RNA sequencing and plasma proteomics, scientists discovered that, compared to bacterial acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19 was associated with the expansion of distinct neutrophil states characterized by interferon and prostaglandin signaling.
    [Nature Medicine]

    Full Article
    Microscopy images of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and PSC-derived cells for the #StemCellfie contest.
    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    An Aluminum Hydroxide:CpG Adjuvant Enhances Protection Elicited by a SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Vaccine in Aged Mice

    Investigators compared pattern recognition receptor agonists alone or formulated with aluminum hydroxide and benchmarked them against AS01B and AS03-like emulsion-based adjuvants for their potential to enhance receptor-binding domain immunogenicity in young and aged mice.
    [Science Translational Medicine]

    Full Article

    A Regulatory T Cell Signature Distinguishes the Immune Landscape of COVID-19 Patients from Those with Other Respiratory Infections

    Scientists compared the immune signature from hospitalized SARS-CoV-2–infected patients to patients hospitalized prepandemic with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus.
    [Science Advances]

    Full Article

    SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.351 (Beta) Variants Induce Pathogenic Patterns in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice Distinct from Early Strains

    Researchers demonstrated in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice that B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 were 100-fold more lethal than the original SARS-CoV-2 bearing 614D.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    Organ-Specific Genome Diversity of Replication-Competent SARS-CoV-2

    Scientists reported a detailed virological analysis of 13 postmortem COVID-19 cases that provided proof of viremia and presence of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in extrapulmonary organs of immunocompromised patients, including heart, kidney, liver, and spleen.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full Article

    A Stem-Loop RNA RIG-I Agonist Protects against Acute and Chronic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mice

    The authors assessed the antiviral capacity of a minimal RIG-I agonist, stem-loop RNA 1, in viral control, disease prevention, post-infection therapy, and cross-variant protection in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    [Journal of Experimental Medicine]

    Full Article
    Graphical Abstract

    Cross-Validation of SARS-CoV-2 Responses in Kidney Organoids and Clinical Populations

    Researchers combined SARS-CoV-2 variants with genome edited kidney organoids and clinical data to investigate tropism, mechanism, and therapeutics.
    [JCI Insight]

    AbstractFull ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Nanometer-Resolution In Situ Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Postfusion Spike Protein

    By using cryo-electron tomography, investigators observed both prefusion and postfusion spikes in β-propiolactone–inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions and solved the in situ structure of the postfusion spike at nanometer resolution.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Full Article

    Modeling Coronavirus Spike Protein Dynamics: Implications for Immunogenicity and Immune Escape

    Scientists developed computational models for a large subset of S proteins associated with SARS-CoV-2, implemented through coarse-grained elastic network models and normal mode analysis.
    [Biophysical Journal]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract

    Decidual NK Cells Kill Zika Virus–Infected Trophoblasts

    Zika virus infection of trophoblasts caused endoplasmic reticulum stress, which mades them decidua NK targets by down-regulating HLA-C/G, natural killer inhibitory receptor ligands that helped maintain tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus.
    [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]

    Abstract

    Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiles Reveal Changes Associated with BCG-Induced Trained Immunity and Protective Effects in Circulating Monocytes

    To better understand Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced immune reprogramming, investigators performed single-cell transcriptomic measurements before and after BCG vaccination using secondary immune stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
    [Cell Reports]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    A Recombinant Protein Containing Influenza Viral Conserved Epitopes and Superantigen Induces Broad-Spectrum Protection

    Scientists constructed a recombinant protein named NMHC which consist of influenza viral conserved epitopes and a superantigen fragment.
    [eLife]

    Abstract

    The Trypanosome-Derived Metabolite Indole-3-Pyruvate Inhibits Prostaglandin Production in Macrophages by Targeting COX2

    Researchers described an immunomodulatory role for an aromatic keto acid, indole-3-pyruvate (I3P). They demonstrated that I3P inhibited the production of PGs in activated macrophages.
    [Journal of Immunology]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract
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    REVIEWS

    Innate Immune Defenses at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

    The authors discuss how newly described decidual innate lymphoid cells and maternal placenta-associated macrophage subsets may be involved in anti-pathogen defense.
    [Current Opinion in Immunology]

    Abstract
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    CN Bio and iiCON Announce COVID-19 Research Collaboration

    CN Bio announced a research collaboration with the Infection Innovation Consortium (iiCON), a global collaborative infectious disease R&D programme, to validate the next generation of COVID-19 research tools.
    [CN Bio]

    Press Release
    FEATURED EVENT

    ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress

    December 8 – 11, 2021
    Geneva, Switzerland

    > See All Events

    JOB OPPORTUNITIES

    Research Scientist – Small Molecule Inhibitors in Emerging Pathogens

    The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine – Silver Spring, Mayland, United States

    Postdoctoral Position – Infection/Organoid Biology

    University of Copenhagen – Copenhagen, Denmark

    Research Associate – Cancer, Immunity, and Stem Cell Biology

    UC San Diego Health – La Jolla, California, United States

    Postdoctoral Fellowship – Cancer and Infections

    Lund University РMalm̦, Sweden

    Vice President – Medical Affairs and Dean of the School of Medicine

    Saint Louis University – St. Louis, Missouri, United States

    > See All Jobs

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