Immunology of Infectious Disease News Volume 9.48 | Dec 15 2021

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    2021-12-15 | IIDN 9.48


    Immunology of Infectious Disease News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 9.48 – 15 December, 2021
    TOP STORY

    Endothelial Dysfunction Contributes to Severe COVID-19 in Combination with Dysregulated Lymphocyte Responses and Cytokine Networks

    The authors combined analyses of immune cells and cytokine/chemokine networks with endothelial activation and injury.
    [Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy]

    Full Article
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    PUBLICATIONSRanked by the impact factor of the journal

    TREM-2 Is a Sensor and Activator of T Cell Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    Investigators found that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) was induced in T cells in the blood and lungs of patients with COVID-19.
    [Science Advances]

    Full Article

    Phosphate-Mediated Coanchoring of RBD Immunogens and Molecular Adjuvants to Alum Potentiates Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2

    Modification of receptor binding domain (RBD) immunogens with phosphoserine peptides enabled efficient alum binding and slowed antigen clearance, leading to notable increases in germinal center responses and neutralizing antibody titers in mice.
    [Science Advances]

    Full Article

    HLA-A∗02:01 Restricted T Cell Receptors against the Highly Conserved SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Cross-React with Human Coronaviruses

    Researchers identified SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase as highly conserved likely due to its critical role in the virus life cycle.
    [Cell Reports]

    AbstractFull Article

    Foxp3+ CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Control Dendritic Cells in Inducing Antigen-Specific Immunity to Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Antigens

    Investigators examined the effect of transient breakdown of the immunological tolerance induced by Treg-cell depletion on adaptive immune responses against administered SARS-CoV-2 antigen, spike protein 1.
    [PLoS Pathogens]

    Full Article

    Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Exhibit Peripheral Immune Profiles Predictive of Mortality and Reflective of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Burden in the Lung

    Scientists presented high-dimensional profiling of blood and respiratory samples in severe COVID-19 patients to examine the association between cell-linked molecular features and mortality outcomes.
    [Cell Reports Medicine]

    AbstractFull ArticleGraphical Abstract

    Longitudinal Analysis of Memory T Cell Responses in Survivors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

    The authors investigated cellular immune responses up to five years after infection in a cohort of 59 Middle East respiratory syndrome survivors by performing ELISPOT assay and intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with synthetic viral peptides.
    [Clinical infectious Diseases]

    Abstract

    Reduction of NETosis by Targeting CXCR1/2 Reduces Thrombosis, Lung Injury, and Mortality in Experimental Human and Murine Sepsis

    Scientists quantified ex vivo neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) induction in septic humans and murine models of sepsis to identify signalling pathways that may be modulated to improve outcome in human sepsis.
    [British Journal of Anaesthesia]

    Abstract

    Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Mediate T Cell Dysfunction in Nonhuman Primate TB Granulomas

    Investigators performed an in-depth study of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and active TB using the nonhuman primate (NHP) model of pulmonary TB.
    [mBio]

    Full Article

    Sex-Specific Effects of Aging on Humoral Immune Responses to Repeated Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults

    The authors evaluated pre- and post-vaccination strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition titers in adults over 75 years of age who received a high-dose influenza vaccine in at least four out of six influenza seasons.
    [NPJ Vaccines]

    Full Article

    Virus-Stimulated Dendritic Cells Elicit a T Antiviral Transcriptional Signature in Human CD4+ Lymphocytes

    Scientists identified a transcriptional signature associated with progressive resistance to HIV infection in CD4+ T cells.
    [Journal of Molecular Biology]

    Full ArticleGraphical Abstract

    B Cell Clonal Expansion and Mutation in the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable Domain in Response to Pfs230 and Pfs25 Malaria Vaccines

    Researchers describe clonal expansion in the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chains of antigen-specific single B cells collected from humans immunized with Pfs230D1-EPA or Pfs25-EPA conjugate vaccines formulated in Alhydrogel®.
    [International Journal For Parasitology]

    AbstractGraphical Abstract
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    REVIEWS

    Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with Cardiomyocytes: Insight into the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Injury and Pharmacotherapy

    The authors provide an overview of the pathways involved with cardiomyocyte in COVID-19 subjects to help promoting pharmacotherapies that can protect against SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac injuries.
    [Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy]

    Abstract

    Transcript Host-RNA Signatures to Discriminate Bacterial and Viral Infections in Febrile Children

    In a systematic review, scientists evaluated the efficacy and the possible application of a new diagnostic method in febrile children, along with challenges in its implementation.
    [Pediatric Research]

    Abstract
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    Merck’s COVID Pill Loses Its Lustre: What That Means for the Pandemic

    Molnupiravir, one of two antiviral pills that have caused excitement in the past few months because preliminary clinical-trial results showed that they can significantly reduce hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19, has yet to receive an emergency use authorization from the US FDA.
    [Nature News]

    Editorial

    Pfizer and BioNTech Receive US FDA Emergency Use Authorization of COVID-19 Vaccine Booster for Individuals 16 Years and Older

    Pfizer, Inc. and BioNTech SE announced that the FDA has expanded the Emergency Use Authorization of a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine to include individuals 16 years of age and older.
    [Pfizer, Inc.]

    Press Release

    VBI Vaccines Announces Filing of New Drug Submission for 3-Antigen Hepatitis B Vaccine to Health Canada

    VBI Vaccines, Inc. announced the filing of a New Drug Submission to Health Canada for the Company’s 3-antigen prophylactic hepatitis B vaccine candidate, seeking approval in Canada for the prevention of infection caused by all known subtypes of the hepatitis B virus in adults.
    [VBI Vaccines, Inc.]

    Press Release
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