Intestinal Cell News Volume 2.13 | Apr 15 2016

IRAK-M Expression in Tumor Cells Supports Colorectal Cancer Progression through Reduction of Antimicrobial Defense and Stabilization of STAT3
The authors investigated the compartment-specific impact of IRAK-M on colorectal carcinogenesis using a mouse model. They demonstrated that IRAK-M is expressed in tumor cells due to combined TLR and Wnt activation. [Cancer Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Enteric Viruses Ameliorate Gut Inflammation via Toll-Like Receptor 3 and Toll-Like Receptor 7-Mediated Interferon-β Production
Researchers found that mice treated with antiviral cocktail displayed more severe dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis compared with untreated mice. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Lipocalin 2 Protects from Inflammation and Tumorigenesis Associated with Gut Microbiota Alterations
The authors demonstrated that Lipocalin-2 protects from early-onset colitis and spontaneous emergence of right-sided colonic tumors resulting from IL-10 deficiency. [Cell Host Microbe] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

A Long Non-Coding RNA Targets microRNA miR-34a to Regulate Colon Cancer Stem Cell Asymmetric Division
Scientists report a novel long non-coding RNA, Lnc34a, that is enriched in colon cancer stem cells and initiates asymmetric division by directly targeting the microRNA miR-34a to cause its spatial imbalance. [eLife] Abstract | Download Full Article

Physiological TLR5 Expression in the Intestine Is Regulated by Differential DNA Binding of Sp1/Sp3 through Simultaneous Sp1 Dephosphorylation and Sp3 Phosphorylation by Two Different PKC Isoforms
Researchers showed that butyrate transcriptionally upregulates toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in the intestinal epithelial cells and augments flagellin-induced immune responses. Both basal and butyrate-induced transcription was regulated by differential binding of Sp-family transcription factors to the GC-box sequences over the TLR5 promoter. [Nucleic Acids Res] Full Article

Tristetraprolin Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression through Suppression of IL-33
Scientists report that Tristetraprolin suppressed the expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a tumor-promoting inflammatory cytokine, and thereby inhibited the progression of gastric cancer [Sci Rep] Full Article

Circulating Tumor Cell Count Correlates with Colorectal Neoplasm Progression and Is a Prognostic Marker for Distant Metastasis in Non-Metastatic Patients
Researchers developed a microfluidic device utilizing antibody-conjugated non-fouling coating to eliminate nonspecific binding and to promote the multivalent binding of target cells. By employing a sensitive device, circulating tumor cell counts showed good correlation with colorectal neoplasm. [Sci Rep] Full Article

TAK1 Regulates Paneth Cell Integrity Partly through Blocking Necroptosis
Investigators found that depletion of gut bacteria or myeloid differentiation factor 88, a mediator of bacteria-derived cell signaling, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) but did not block Paneth cell loss, suggesting that gut bacteria are the cause of ROS accumulation but bacteria-induced ROS are not the cause of Paneth cell loss. [Cell Death Dis] Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Simultaneous Control of Stemness and Differentiation by the Transcription Factor Escargot in Adult Stem Cells: How Can We Tease Them Apart?
Escargot maintained stemness of intestinal stem cells while regulating the terminal differentiation of progenitor cells into absorptive enterocytes or secretory enteroendocrine cells. [Fly (Austin)] Abstract

Fbxw7-Associated Drug Resistance Is Reversed by Induction of Terminal Differentiation in Murine Intestinal Organoid Culture
Investigators studied genetically engineered mice in which the fbxw7 gene is conditionally knocked-out in the intestine (fbxw7^ΔG). To further investigate the mechanism of Fbxw7-action, they grew intestinal crypts from floxed-fbxw7 and fbxw7^ΔG mice, in a Matrigel-based organoid (mini-gut) culture. [Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev] Abstract

Epigenetics in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Renewal
The authors discuss recent discoveries on the role of the cellular epigenome in intestinal cell fate, development and tissue renewal. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

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Gift Honors Dr. Ludwig and Helps Advance Cancer Research
A California businessman donated $1 million to the Medical College of Wisconsin to create an endowed chair to support research investigating the causes of colon cancer and its treatment. The gift was given to honor Kirk Ludwig, MD, GME ’94, chief of colorectal cancer at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center. [Medical College of Wisconsin] Press Release

University of Pennsylvania to Join First-of-Its-Kind Research Collaboration to Fight Cancer with New Immunotherapies
The University of Pennsylvania has joined an unprecedented cancer research effort, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, which unites six of the nation’s top medical schools and cancer centers around a shared aim of accelerating breakthrough immunotherapy research that will turn more cancers into a curable disease. The venture is backed by a $250 million gift from the Parker Foundation, making it the largest single contribution ever made to the field of immunotherapy. [University of Pennsylvania] Press Release

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Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the intestinal cell research community.

NEW Associate or Senior Editor – Epigenetics (Springer Nature)

NEW Faculty Positions – Clinical Immunology (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation )

NEW Grant Writer (Gladstone Institutes)

PhD Studentship – Pectin in Human Intestinal Tract (Wageningen University)

PhD Studentship – Transcriptional Regulation in Colon Cancer (University of Helsinki)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Inflammation (University of Oxford)

Program Director – IBD and Crohn’s Disease Program (The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Nanomedicine (Johns Hopkins University)

Faculty Position – Cancer Research (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center)

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