Intestinal Cell News Volume 2.32 | Sep 2 2016

TOP STORY

Replication of Human Noroviruses in Stem Cell–Derived Human Enteroids

Scientists report successful cultivation of multiple HuNoV strains in enterocytes in stem cell–derived, nontransformed human intestinal enteroid monolayer cultures. [Science] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

ABHD5 Interacts with BECN1 to Regulate Autophagy and Tumorigenesis of Colon Cancer Independent of PNPLA2

Scientists report a noncanonical role of ABHD5 in regulating autophagy and CRC tumorigenesis. ABHD5 directly competes with CASP3 for binding to the cleavage sites of BECN1, and consequently prevents BECN1 from being cleaved by CASP3. ABHD5 deficiency provides CASP3 an advantage to cleave and inactivate BECN1, thus impairing BECN1-induced autophagic flux and augmenting genomic instability, which subsequently promotes tumorigenesis. [Autophagy] Abstract

The Characterization of an Intestine-Like Genomic Signature Maintained During Barrett’s-Associated Adenocarcinogenesis Reveals an NR5A2-Mediated Promotion of Cancer Cell Survival

Using transcriptomics, researchers defined the intestine-enriched genes expressed in meta-profiles of Barrett’s esophagus (BO) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Interestingly, 77% of the genes differentially expressed in a meta-profile of BO were similarly expressed in intestinal tissues. Furthermore, 85% of this intestine-like signature was maintained upon transition to OAC. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Colonic Secretory Expression of HMGB1 a Box Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice

The authors tested the effects of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated colonic secretory expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) A box on murine experimental colitis. [J Gene Med] Abstract

Cationic MicroRNA-Delivering Nanocarriers for Efficient Treatment of Colon Carcinoma in Xenograft Model

The authors studied a PLGA/PEI (poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylenimine)-mediated miRNA vector delivery system; the validation of the method was carried out using a colon cancer xenograft model with miR-145 vector encoding for the expression of miR-145. [Gene Ther] Abstract

Knockdown of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Improved the Efficacy of Low-Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy of Paclitaxel in Human Colon Cancer Xenografts

Researchers investigated whether knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in tumor cell could facilitate low-dose metronomic therapy with paclitaxel for human colon cancer. [Technol Cancer Res Treat] Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Reg4⁺ Deep Crypt Secretory Cells Function as Epithelial Niche for Lgr5⁺ Stem Cells in Colon

Scientists report regenerating islet-derived family member 4 (Reg4) as a marker of deep crypt secretory (DCS) cells. To investigate a niche function, they eliminated DCS cells by using the diphtheria-toxin receptor gene knocked into the murine Reg4 locus. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

Identification, Visualization and Clonal Analysis of Intestinal Stem Cells in Fish

To address whether the mode of stem cell division is following phylogenetic or ontogenetic routes the authors characterized and analyzed the entire gastrointestinal system with a particular focus on intestinal stem cells in the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes). [Development] Full Article

The Transcriptional and Splicing Landscape of Intestinal Organoids Undergoing Nutrient Starvation or Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Researchers used RNA-seq to analyze the global transcript level and alternative splicing responses of primary murine enteroids undergoing two distinct integrated stress response-triggering stresses, endoplasmic reticulum stress and nutrient starvation. [BMC Genomics] Full Article

Derivation of Intestinal Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Use as an Infection System

Investigators described the process for this differentiation, including the derivation of hindgut from human induced pluripotent stem cells, embedding hindgut into a pro-intestinal culture system and passaging the resulting intestinal human organoids. [Methods Mol Biol] Abstract

Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management

The authors review all relevant aspects of acute severe ulcerative colitis, from its pathophysiological background to modern management in clinical practice. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Exelixis-Discovered Compounds to be Featured in 15 Presentations

Exelixis, Inc. announced that data from clinical trials of cabozantinib and cobimetinib will be the subject of 15 presentations. Detailed results from CABOSUN, a randomized Phase II clinical trial of cabozantinib compared with sunitinib in patients with previously untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma, will be presented. [Press release from Exelixis, Inc. discussing research presented at the 2016 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, Copenhagen] Press Release

New Real-World Data From Surveillance Study Confirms Excellent Safety And Tolerability Profile Of IBgard^®

IM HealthScience^® announced favorable results from its Irritable Bowel Syndrome Safety Update at six months, a real-world surveillance study reporting on the safety and tolerability profile of IBgard^® among an estimated 163,165 patients who used the product. [IM HealthScience^®] Press Release

Ferring Pharmaceuticals and North Zealand University Hospital Mark First Milestone in Innovative IBD Collaboration

Ferring Pharmaceuticals and North Zealand University Hospital yesterday formally inaugurated a multi-year collaboration aimed at transforming the way in which patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome manage their condition and receive medical care. [Ferring Pharmaceuticals] Press Release

Whistleblower Sues Duke, Claims Doctored Data Helped Win $200 Million in Grants

On a Friday in March 2013, a researcher working in the lab of a prominent pulmonary scientist at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, was arrested on charges of embezzlement. The researcher, biologist Erin Potts-Kant, later pled guilty to siphoning more than $25,000 from the Duke University Health System, buying merchandise from Amazon, Walmart, and Target—even faking receipts to legitimize her purchases. A state judge ultimately levied a fine, and sentenced her to probation and community service. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Culture of Silence Protected Disgraced Trachea Surgeon

A “star surgeon” who implanted the world’s first artificial trachea — but has since been dismissed following allegations of scientific and clinical misconduct — worked in an environment that provided a “culture of silence”, a lack of respect for rules and “group thinking”. [Nature News] Editorial

FDA Reaches Agreement with Generics Industry on New GDUFA Commitments

The Food and Drug Administration and the generic drug manufacturing industry — including representatives of generic pharmaceutical manufacturers, active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturers and contract manufacturing organizations — have reached agreement on a package of program enhancements and resource commitments to reauthorize the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA), which are set to expire next year. [Drug Store News] Editorial

NSF Proposes Changes in Use of Costly Rotators for Senior Positions

The National Science Foundation (NSF) believes that having academics spend anywhere from two to four years at the agency before returning to campus helps it identify and fund cutting-edge research. Last year 176 scientists, about 28% of NSF’s scientific workforce, were on such temporary assignments. But NSF’s heavy use of these so-called rotators is unique among government research agencies. And some members of Congress are worried that the government is paying too steep a price for that management strategy. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW 2016 National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Cancer Conference
November 6-9, 2016
Liverpool, United Kingdom

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW PhD Fellowship – General and Advanced Interventional Gastroenterologists (Temple University)

NEW Research Associate – Stem Cell Biology of the Intestine/Single-Cell and Computational Group (University of Cambridge)

Technical Sales Representative (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Specialist – Digestion/Motility (Nestle Institute of Health Sciences)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer Epidemiology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

PhD Student – Intestinal Epithelial Cell Death and Barrier Function (University of East Anglia)

Postdoctoral Fellow or PhD Student – Gastrointestinal Cancers (Goethe University Frankfurt)

Senior Scientist – Human Microbiome (Nestle Institute of Health Sciences)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Colon Cancer (German Cancer Research Center)

Assistant or Associate Member – Stem CellGene Therapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.

Have we missed an important article or publication in Intestinal Cell News? Click here to submit!

Comments or suggestions? Submit your feedback here.