Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.17 | May 12 2017

TOP STORY

EGFR-Dependent TOR-Independent Endocycles Support Drosophila Gut Epithelial Regeneration

The authors report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is required and sufficient to drive damage-induced enteroblast (EB)/enterocyte (EC) growth. Endoreplication occurred exclusively in EBs and newborn ECs that inherited EGFR and active MAPK from fast-dividing progenitors. [Nat Commun] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

INTESTINAL CANCERS & DISEASES

Epithelial Histone Deacetylase 3 Instructs Intestinal Immunity by Coordinating Local Lymphocyte Activation

Researchers showed an essential role for intestinal epithelial cell expression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in responding to pathogenic microbes and activating protective innate immunity. Mice lacking HDAC3 in intestinal epithelial cells were more susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium when under tonic stimulation by the commensal microbiota. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Specific Deletion of PLD2 Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating Occludin

Treatment with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced the expression of phospholipase D (PLD)2 and downregulated occludin in colon epithelial cells. PLD2 was shown to mediate phosphorylation of occludin and induce its proteasomal degradation in a c-Src kinase-dependent pathway. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The CDK4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib Synergizes with Irinotecan to Promote Colorectal Cancer Cell Death under Hypoxia

Researchers investigated the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of CDK inhibition against colon cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia. They found that palbociclib sensitizes colon cancer cells to hypoxia-induced apoptotic resistance via deregulation of HIF-1α accumulation. [Cell Cycle] Abstract

CFTR-Mediated Anion Secretion across Intestinal Epithelium-Like Caco-2 Monolayer under PTH Stimulation Is Dependent on Intermediate Conductance K⁺ Channels

Researchers previously demonstrated that parathyroid hormone (PTH) rapidly stimulated electrogenic HCO₃^– secretion in intestinal epithelial-like Caco-2 monolayer, but the underlying cellular mechanism, contributions of other ions, particularly Cl^– and K⁺, and long-lasting responses are not completely understood. PTH and forskolin were confirmed to induce anion secretion, which peaked within 1-3 min, followed by an abrupt decay and plateau that lasted for 60 min. [Am J Physiol Cell Physiol] Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

The Intestinal Tuft Cell Nanostructure in 3D

Investigators identified and documented the volumetric ultrastructure at nanometer resolution of specific intestinal tuft cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Crypt Organoids Culture as an In Vitro Model in Drug Metabolism and Cytotoxicity Studies

Scientists report the utilization of 3D crypt organoid cultures from animal models to study intestinal drug metabolism and toxicity. With the successful culturing of crypt organoids, they profiled the abundance of Phase I and Phase II xenobiotic processing genes expression, drug transporter gene expression and xenobiotic nuclear receptor gene expression. [Drug Metab Dispos] Abstract

Effect of Essential Amino Acids on Enteroids: Methionine Deprivation Suppresses Proliferation and Affects Differentiation in Enteroid Stem Cells

The authors investigated the effects of essential amino acids on intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation using murine small intestinal organoids from the jejunum. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract

Non-Conventional Features of Peripheral Serotonin Signaling — The Gut and Beyond

The authors highlight the roles of peripheral serotonin in colitis, hematopoiesis, energy and bone metabolism, and how serotonin is influenced by the gut microbiota. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Synergy Pharmaceuticals to Present Positive TRULANCE™ (Plecanatide) Phase III Data for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C)

Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc. announced that the company will present late-breaking data from Phase III studies evaluating TRULANCE™ for the treatment of adults with IBS-C. [Press release from Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc. discussing research presented at Digestive Disease Week (DDW), Chicago] Press Release

Additional Data Analysis from an IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) Clinical Trial Demonstrate IBgard^® Delivered Unprecedented Symptom Reduction in the Largest and Most Dissatisfied Group of IBS Patients

The more recent scientific understanding of IBS having multiple causes, including reversible, low-grade inflammation, resulting in abdominal pain, constipation and/or diarrhea in some patients, received further support. [Press release from IM HealthScience (PR Newswire Association LLC.) discussing research presented at Digestive Disease Week (DDW), Chicago] Press Release

New Real-World Analyses Support Effectiveness and Safety of Entyvio^® (Vedolizumab) for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced the presentation of eight real-world analyses supporting the effectiveness and safety of Entyvio^® for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. [Press release from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited discussing research presented at Digestive Disease Week (DDW), Chicago] Press Release

Array BioPharma Announces Strategic Collaboration with Merck

Array BioPharma Inc. announced that it has entered into a clinical trial collaboration agreement with Merck to investigate the safety and efficacy of Array’s MEK inhibitor, binimetinib, with Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, KEYTRUDA^®, in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with microsatellite stable tumors. [Array BioPharma Inc.] Press Release

Six New York City Scientists Win Pershing Square Sohn Prize for Young Investigators in Cancer Research

The Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance announced the six winners of the fourth annual Pershing Square Sohn Prize for Young Investigators in Cancer Research, awarded annually to promising early career, NYC-area scientists. Recipients receive $200,000 in funding per year for up to three years, for a total of $600,000, to support explorative, high-risk/high-reward cancer research. [Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance] Press Release

China Cracks Down on Fake Data in Drug Trials

Those who submit faked clinical trial data might now go to jail — and in extreme circumstances, be executed — under a new interpretation of China’s criminal code. The policy shift is one of a handful of measures that China is implementing both to speed up its notoriously slow drug-approval process and to keep dangerous and ineffective drugs off the market. [Nature News] Editorial

The Secret War against Counterfeit Science

China is famous for knock-off DVDs, Louis Vuitton bags and Rolex watches. But counterfeit reagents aren’t on sale in busy public markets. They are sold through sophisticated websites, mixed in with legitimate supplies, and sourced and sold using a network of unwitting partners. [Nature News] Editorial

Science Publishers Try New Tack to Combat Unauthorized Paper Sharing

The unauthorized sharing of copyrighted research papers is on the rise, say analysts who track the publishing industry. Faced with this problem, science publishers seem to be changing tack in their approach to researchers who breach copyright. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Worldwide Innovative Networking in Personalized Cancer Medicine (WIN) 2017
June 26-27, 2017
Paris, France

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Chief – Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (University of Nebraska Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Children’s Hospital Los Angeles)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer Epidemiology (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Research Associate – Gastro-Intestinal Cancer (Imperial College London)

PhD Position – Colorectal Cancer (German Cancer Research Center/DKFZ)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Nanomedicine (Johns Hopkins University)

Postdoctoral and PhD Positions – Bio-Nano Science (University of South Australia)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Cancer Biology (Emory University)

PhD/PhD-MD Studentship – Intestinal Immunology/Immunophathobiology (Universität Bern)

Assistant or Associate Member – Stem Cell/Gene Therapy (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

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