Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.42 | Nov 3 2017

TOP STORY

KO of 5-InsP₇ Kinase Activity Transforms the HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell Line into a Hypermetabolic, Growth-Inhibited Phenotype

Investigators used CRISPR to KO diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinases in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. This procedure eliminated bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate and raises diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphat (5-InsP₇) levels threefold. Expression of p53 and p21 was up-regulated; proliferation and G1/S cell-cycle transition slowed. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

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MLK3 Phosphorylation by ERK1/2 Is Required for Oxidative Stress-Induced Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells

In human colorectal carcinoma cells treated with H₂O₂, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were activated and mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) exhibited reduced electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which was eliminated by phosphatase treatment. [Oncogene] Abstract

β-Glucans in Food Modify Colonic Microflora by Inducing Antimicrobial Protein, Calprotectin, in a Dectin-1-Induced-IL-17F-Dependent Manner

Scientists showed that S100A8 was mainly produced by mouse colonic epithelial cells. S100A8 was not induced directly by dectin-1 but by dectin-1-induced cytokines, especially interleukin-17F (IL-17F), that were produced by several types of innate immune cells including CD11c⁺/CD11b⁺ myeloid cells in colonic lamina propria. [Mucosal Immunol] Abstract

MicroRNA-195 Desensitizes HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil

Researchers investigated whether miRNAs might play a role in the acquisition of resistance. Human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell lines were transduced with a lentivirus library containing 572 precursor miRNAs to establish cell lines resistant to 5-fluorouracil. [Cancer Lett] Abstract

Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Nitric Oxide, Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation

The authors measured the expression of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide generating enzymes in primary colon cancer tissues and HCT116 colon cancer cells, and evaluated the effect of their pharmacological inhibition or pharmacological donation on cell proliferation. [Biochem Pharmacol] Abstract

BAG3-Dependent Expression of Mcl-1 Confers Resistance of Mutant KRAS Colon Cancer Cells to the HSP90 Inhibitor AUY922

Investigators report that Mcl-1 is important for survival of colon cancer cells in the presence of AUY922. Mcl-1 was upregulated in mutant KRAS colon cancer cells selected for resistance to AUY922-induced apoptosis. [Mol Carcinog] Abstract

Accumulation of HLA-DR4 in Colonic Epithelial Cells Causes Severe Colitis in Homozygous HLA-DR4 Transgenic Mice

Scientists explored whether endoplasmic reticulum stress in colonic epithelial cells due to overexpression of HLA-DR4/I-Ed was involved in the pathogenesis of colitis. [Inflamm Bowel Dis] Abstract

Comparative Proteomics Analysis Identifies Cdc42-Cdc42BPA Signaling as Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Colon Cancer Invasion

Pharmacological and genetic blockade of Cdc42 signaling and Cdc42BPA markedly suppressed colon cancer cell invasion and reversed the EMT process. [J Proteome Res] Abstract

Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase Cγ1 Inhibition Induces Autophagy in Human Colon Cancer and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Scientists investigated the relationship between phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cγ1 and autophagy in the human colon cancer cell line HCT116 and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. [Sci Rep] Full Article

miR-27a Induced by Colon Cancer Cells in HLECs Promotes Lymphangiogenesis by Targeting SMAD4

The authors identified key miRNAs in colon cancer lymphangiogenesis and investigated its target and mechanism. miRNA microarray analysis was conducted to identify miRNAs in human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) that were regulated by co-cultured human colon cancer cells. [PLoS One] Full Article

Expression of KLF6-SV2 in Colorectal Cancer and Its Impact on Proliferation and Apoptosis

Researchers detected the expression of the KLF6-SV2 in colorectal cancer and investigated its impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis. qRT-PCR was used to quantitatively determine KLF6-SV2 mRNA expression in colorectal cancer samples, corresponding normal tissue, normal colonic mucosal cell line FHC and seven colorectal cancer cell lines. [Eur J Cancer Prev] Abstract

The Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on COX-2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer

The authors review the current state of knowledge concerning the potential of various dietary polyphenols to inhibit the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colon cancer by examining the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of these compounds obtained from in vitro and animal studies. [Nutr Cancer] Abstract

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ImmusanT Presents Clinical Data Supporting Improved Dosing Strategy for Nexvax2^® and Explaining Early Gluten-Related Clinical Effects in Celiac Disease

ImmusanT, Inc., a clinical-stage company developing Nexvax2^®, a therapeutic vaccine being investigated to protect against the effects of gluten in HLA-DQ2.5⁺ patients with celiac disease, announced the presentation of data from two studies. [Press release from ImmusanT, Inc. discussing research presented at the 25^th United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Week, Vienna] Press Release

New Data Show Symptom Improvement within One Week for Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Crohn’s Disease Treated with STELARA^® (Ustekinumab)

Janssen-Cilag International NV presented new late-breaking data from UNITI-1 assessing Crohn’s disease symptom improvement in patients during the first two weeks after an intravenous infusion dose of STELARA^®. [Press release from Janssen-Cilag International NV (PR Newswire Association LLC.) discussing research presented at the 25^th United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Week, Vienna] Press Release

Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation Receives $5 Million to Fund Innovative Translational and Clinical IBD Research

The Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation announced that it received a $5 million pledge from the Litwin family to fund novel, high-risk/high-reward research ideas in the early stage of exploration that could advance the field of IBD research. [The Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation] Press Release

enGene Named Company of the Year by BIOTECanada

enGene Inc. has been awarded a prestigious Gold Leaf Award and named Company of the Year by BIOTECanada, Canada’s national biotechnology industry association. [enGene Inc.] Press Release

House Science Chair to Retire from Congress

The controversial chairperson of the science committee in the U.S. House of Representatives announced that he will not seek re-election to Congress next fall. The pending departure of Representative Lamar Smith could give the U.S. scientific community a chance to recalibrate a rocky five-year relationship with a key congressional committee. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Pay for US Postdocs Varies Wildly by Institution

The salary data are incomplete and — in some cases — appear to be incorrect. Some researchers are listed as earning nothing, and another study underway suggests a higher overall rate of pay for US postdocs. But the latest analysis underscores the challenges of getting basic information about an under-recognized and misunderstood segment of the academic workforce. [Nature News] Editorial

Leading Western Publisher Bows to Chinese Censorship

Springer Nature, whose publications include Nature and Scientific American, acknowledged that at the government’s request, it had removed articles from its mainland site that touch on topics the ruling Communist Party considers sensitive, including Taiwan, Tibet, human rights and elite politics. [The New York Times] Editorial

NEW Intestinal Stem Cells and Colon Cancer: Biology to Therapy
September 27-30, 2018
Baltimore, Maryland, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Training Fellows – Inflammatory Responses and Cancer (The Francis Crick Institute)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Inflammation Biology (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Position – Autophagy and Intestinal Inflammation (University of New Mexico)

Postdoctoral Research Assistant – Intestinal Immune Responses to Infection (University of Dundee)

Faculty Positions – Cancer Research (Huntsman Cancer Institute)

Research Associate – Mechanical Cell Competition (University of Bristol)

Faculty Position – Molecular Oncology (Moffitt Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Positions – Stem Cell and Cancer Biology (Johns Hopkins University)

Researcher/Faculty Member – Cancer Biology (University of Cincinnati)

Postdoctoral Opportunities – Biology of Colorectal Cancer (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Gastric Stem Cells (Harvard University)

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