Intestinal Cell News Volume 3.48 | Dec 15 2017

TOP STORY

Myeloid Cell-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Induce Epithelial Mutagenesis

Scientists provide evidence that during intestinal tumorigenesis, myeloid cell-derived H₂O₂ triggers genome-wide DNA mutations in intestinal epithelial cells to stimulate invasive growth. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species production in myeloid cells initiates tumor growth in various organs also in the absence of a carcinogen challenge in a paracrine manner. [Cancer Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

YAP/TAZ-Dependent Reprogramming of Colonic Epithelium Links ECM Remodeling to Tissue Regeneration

Researchers dissected cell fate transitions during colonic regeneration in a mouse dextran sulfate sodium colitis model, and they demonstrated that the epithelium is transiently reprogrammed into a primitive state. This was characterized by de novo expression of fetal markers as well as suppression of markers for adult stem and differentiated cells. [Cell Stem Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

MicroRNA-105 Is Involved in TNF-α-Related Tumor Microenvironment Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Progression

Investigators found the upregulation of miR-105 in colorectal cancer was associated with aggressive phenotype, and the enhanced expression of miR-105 was required for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inhibition of miR-105 remarkably weakened the aggressive effects of TNF-α through preventing the activation of NF-κB signaling and the initiation of EMT. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

SHP2 Associates with Nuclear Localization of STAT3: Significance in Progression and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer

The authors explored the role of SHP2 in progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). SHP2 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration, and the phosphorylation of STAT3 was negatively regulated by SHP2 in CRC. [Sci Rep] Full Article

lncRNA MALAT1 Induces Colon Cancer Development by Regulating miR-129-5p/HMGB1 Axis

Scientists focused on the biological roles of lncRNA MALAT1 in colon cancer. They demonstrated that MALAT1 was upregulated in human colon cancer cell lines including Lovo, HCT116, SW480 and HT29 cells compared to the normal human intestinal epithelial HIEC cells. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

The Food Contaminants Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol Induce Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Release

The trichothecene mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are often found in almost all agricultural commodities worldwide. NIV, both alone and in combination with DON, induced inflammation and increased the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-γ in the non-tumorigenic intestinal epithelial cell line. [Nutrients] Full Article

Delphinidin Protects Colon Carcinoma Cells against the Genotoxic Effects of the Mycotoxin Altertoxin II

Alternaria spp. are ubiquitous molds that are able to produce toxic secondary metabolites which may contaminate food globally. One of those is the mycotoxin altertoxin II (ATX-II), a genotoxic and mutagenic compound. Researchers assessed the influence of the berry anthocyanidin delphinidin on the toxicity of ATX-II in HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. [Toxicol Lett] Abstract

Genistein Induces Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells by Reversal of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal via a Notch1/NF-κB/slug/E-Cadherin Pathway

To investigate the effects and mechanisms of genistein on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of colon cancer cells, HT-29 cells were used and treated by genistein and tumor necrosis factor-α. Genistein reversed the EMT of colon cancer cells by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, accompanied by the suppression of EMT related makers, such as Snail2/slug, ZEB1, ZEB2, FOXC1, FOXC2 and TWIST1. [BMC Cancer] Full Article

Intestinal Organoids Containing PLGA Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Intestinal organoids were used as carriers of 5-aminosalysilic acid-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. After mixing the nanoparticles with Matrigel and organoids, Rhodamine B loaded inside the nanoparticles was highly detected inside the organoid’s lumen after three days by confocal fluorescent microscopy and no longer detected in the lumen after day four. [J Biomed Mater Res A] Abstract

Knockdown of Laminin α5 Stimulates Intestinal Cell Differentiation

Researchers investigated the role of α5-containing laminins on intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation. The abolition of the laminin α5 chain resulted in a drastic increase in the differentiation marker sucrase-isomaltase, which was correctly expressed at the apical pole of the cells as observed by indirect immunofluorescence. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Full Article

GPR55 Regulates Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Migration Dynamics and Susceptibility to Intestinal Damage

The authors demonstrated that G protein–coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), a receptor that mediates migration inhibition in response to lysophosphatidylinositol, negatively regulates T cell receptor γδ intraepithelial lymphocyte accumulation in the small intestine. [Sci Immunol] Abstract

Intestinal Stem Cells to Advance Drug Development, Precision, and Regenerative Medicine: A Paradigm Shift in Translational Research

Ongoing translational research on organoids derived from dogs with naturally occurring digestive disorders has the potential to improve the predictability of preclinical models used for optimizing the therapeutic management of severe chronic enteropathies in human patients. [AAPS J] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Chi-Med Initiates Fruquintinib U.S. Clinical Trials

Hutchison China MediTech Limited (Chi-Med) has initiated the United States Phase I bridging clinical trial of fruquintinib. Fruquintinib is a highly selective and potent oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3, that has met its primary endpoint in several Phase II and III clinical trials in China for the treatment of colorectal, lung and gastric cancers. [Hutchison China MediTech Limited] Press Release

Ardelyx Announces License Agreement with Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Company Limited for Tenapanor in China

Ardelyx, Inc. announced that the company has entered into a license agreement with Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Company Limited (Fosun Pharma) providing Fosun Pharma with the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize Ardelyx’s lead product, tenapanor, in China for the treatment of patients with IBS with constipation and for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia related to chronic kidney disease. [Ardelyx, Inc.] Press Release

Iran’s Supreme Court Confirms Death Sentence for Jailed Scholar

Iran’s Supreme Court has upheld the death sentence handed to Ahmadreza Djalali, a scholar who worked in Europe, according to the human-rights group Amnesty International. [Nature News] Editorial

French Researchers Hope New Chief Will Revitalize Troubled Funding Agency

French scientists are hopeful that the newly appointed chief of a major research-funding agency will revive an organization suffering from squeezed budgets and staff discontent. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW 11^th Dutch Stem Cell Meeting
May 4, 2018
Utrecht, Netherlands

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Faculty Positions – Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Research Assistant – Gastrointestinal Disease (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Researchers – Stem Cell Metabolism (University of Helsinki)

PhD Student – Stem Cells of the Intestine and the Stomach (German Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Modeling Physical Processes Underlying Digestion (Massey University)

PhD Studentships – MRC WIMM Prize (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Fellows – Gastrointestinal Cancers (Baylor Scott & White Health)

Postdoctoral Position – Mucosal Immunology/Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Innate Immune Signaling in the Developing Intestine (UConn Health)

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