Intestinal Cell News 4.07 February 23, 2018 | |
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TOP STORYGrowing Replica Tumors in the Lab Could Personalize Drug Treatment for Each Patient Testing cancer drugs on miniature replicas of a patient’s tumor could help doctors tell in advance which treatments will work. [Press release from The Institute of Cancer Research discussing online prepublication in Science] Press Release | Abstract | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Eosinophil Depletion Suppresses Radiation-Induced Small Intestinal Fibrosis Scientists showed that radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis (RIF) is mediated by eosinophil interactions with α-smooth muscle actin–positive stromal cells. Abdominal irradiation caused RIF especially in the submucosa of the small intestine, which was associated with the excessive accumulation of eosinophils in both human and mouse. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract Interleukin 33 Signaling Restrains Sporadic Colon Cancer in an Interferon-Gamma-Dependent Manner Investigators utilized a mouse model of sporadic colon cancer to investigate the contribution of interleukin 33 (IL33) signaling to tumorigenesis in the absence of pre-existing inflammation. They demonstrated that genetic ablation of St2 enhanced colon tumor development. Conversely, administration of recombinant IL33 reduced growth of colon cancer cell allografts. [Cancer Immunol Res] Abstract Scientists showed that calorie restriction enhances the regenerative capacity of the intestinal epithelium through preservation of an injury-resistant reserve intestinal stem cell pool. [Stem Cell Reports] Full Article | Press Release | Graphical Abstract Using human intestinal enteroids derived from all four segments of the human intestine, the authors found that Escherichia coli demonstrated aggregative adherence to duodenal and ileal enteroids, with donor-driven differences driving a sheet-like and layered pattern. [MBio] Abstract Identification, Isolation, and Characterization of Human LGR5-Positive Colon Adenoma Cells Scientists established an organoid repository from patient-derived adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and normal colon, which they analyzed for variants in 71 colorectal cancer associated genes. Normal and neoplastic colon tissue organoids were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent-activated cell sorting for LGR5. [Development] Abstract The authors established intestinal organoids and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) co-cultured system, plus mice experiments, to explore the protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri D8 on integrity of intestinal mucosa. [Cell Death Differ] Full Article Researchers evaluated the role of A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs) in the regulation of gut permeability. To test the direct effect of AmEVs on human epithelial cells, cultured Caco-2 cells were treated with these vesicles. AmEVs decreased the gut permeability of lipopolysaccharide-treated Caco-2 cells, whereas Escherichia coli-derived EVs had no significant effect. [Exp Mol Med] Full Article Ubc9 Overexpression and SUMO1 Deficiency Blunt Inflammation after Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Investigators analyzed the pattern of individual small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) isoforms in intestinal epithelium and investigated their roles in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion damage. Immunostaining revealed that epithelial SUMO2/3 expression was almost exclusively limited to crypt epithelial nuclei in unchallenged mice. [Lab Invest] Abstract Scientists utilized a series of in vitro, in vivo and patient-derived organoid approaches to systematically investigate the chemoprotective role of OPCs in colorectal cancer. OPCs exerted anti-tumorigenic effects through inhibition of cellular proliferation, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. [Sci Rep] Full Article | |
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REVIEWSRecent Advances in Lgr5+ Stem Cell Research Exciting new mouse and organoid culture models developed to study the endogenous behavior of Lgr5-expressing cells in health and disease settings have revealed the existence of facultative stem cell populations responsible for tissue regeneration, cancer stem cells driving metastasis in the gut, and Lgr5+ niche cells in the lung. Researchers review these recent advances and discuss their impact on efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of adult stem cells and their cancer counterparts in the clinic. [Trends Cell Biol] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field. | |
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SCIENCE NEWSAbbVie announced new results from the double-blinded extension phase of the Phase II CELEST study, showing that many patients treated with upadacitinib who achieved clinical response after the 16-week induction phase maintained their response to treatment after the 36-week extension phase; results seen for the higher doses (6 mg and 12 mg twice-daily) were numerically greater compared to 3 mg twice-daily at 52 weeks. [Press release from AbbVie discussing research presented at the 13th Congress of the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO), Vienna] Press Release | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSPitt, UPMC Announce $200 Million Immunotherapy Investment, Creation of Innovation Facility The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) announced plans to establish the new UPMC Immune Transplant and Therapy Center, with much of its activity planned within an eight-story innovation hub—all part of a concerted effort to harness the power of the human immune system to treat and cure a wide range of diseases. [The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center] Press Release MD Anderson Receives $22 Million in CPRIT Funding for Research, Prevention and Recruitment The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was awarded $22.3 million from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT), accounting for 30 percent of the $73.5 million in awards CPRIT announced. [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSOne of the Most Powerful Science Policy Jobs in Brussels Changes Hands It’s the end of an era at the European Commission’s research department: The most powerful civil servant in Brussels’s science policy circles, Director-General for Research and Innovation Robert-Jan Smits, is leaving his post. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Half of Canada’s Government Scientists Still Feel Muzzled More than half of government scientists in Canada—53%—do not feel they can speak freely to the media about their work, even after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s government eased restrictions on what they can say publicly, according to a survey released by a union that represents more than 16,000 federal scientists. [ [ScienceInsider] Editorial U.K. Scientists Increasingly Anxious about Brexit Confusion With the second phase of Brexit negotiations approaching, scientists in the United Kingdom are urging their government to clarify its position on funding agreements and migration of research talent after the country separates from the European Union in March 2019. [ScienceInsider] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW Aegean Conferences: 2nd International Conference on Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESPostdoctoral Research Scientist – Intestinal Biology (Quadram Institute Bioscience) Postdoctoral Fellow – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Marshall University) Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Biology (Johns Hopkins University) Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Biology (University of Arkansas for Medical Science) Postdoctoral Research Associate – Cancer Biology (King’s College London) Postdoctoral Fellowship – Mouse Tumor Biology (Canadian Nuclear Laboratories) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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