Intestinal Cell News Volume 4.27 | Jul 20 2018

TOP STORY

Detection of Succinate by Intestinal Tuft Cells Triggers a Type 2 Innate Immune Circuit

Scientists identified the microbial metabolite succinate as an activating ligand for small intestinal (SI) tuft cells. SI tuft cells expressed the succinate receptor, and providing succinate in drinking water was sufficient to induce a multifaceted type 2 immune response via the tuft-ILC2 circuit. [Immunity] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

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CTC1-STN1 Terminates Telomerase While STN1-TEN1 Enables C-Strand Synthesis during Telomere Replication in Colon Cancer Cells

Investigators showed that CTC1-STN1 limits telomerase action to prevent G-overhang overextension. CTC1^−/− cells exhibited telomeric DNA damage and growth arrest due to overhang elongation whereas TEN1^−/− cells did not. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Suppression of AURKA Alleviates p27 Inhibition on Bax Cleavage and Induces More Intensive Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer

Researchers found that specific inhibition of AURKA by MLN8237-induced calpain-mediated Bax cleavage at N-terminal 33rd asparagine (c-Bax) to promote apoptosis. They found that p27 was degraded and subsequently Bax was transformed to c-Bax through calpain. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

P31-43, an Undigested Gliadin Peptide, Mimics and Enhances the Innate Immune Response to Viruses and Interferes with Endocytic Trafficking: A Role in Celiac Disease

P31-43 activated IFN-α, a mediator of the innate immune response in Celiac disease (CD), in the intestine of subjects with CD and an enterocyte cell line, CaCo-2. P31-43 cooperated with a viral ligand to activate the TLR7 pathway by interfering with endocytic trafficking. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Food Chemicals Disrupt Human Gut Microbiota Activity and Impact Intestinal Homeostasis as Revealed By In Vitro Systems

Investigators demonstrated that gut microbiota metabolites resulting from pollutant disturbances may promote the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state in the gut, as stated with the release of cytokine IL-8 by intestinal epithelial cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Ferulic Acid Protects against Heat Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in IEC-6 Cells via the PI3K/Akt-Mediated Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

Ferulic acid suppressed heat stress-induced intestinal oxidative stress damage by reducing reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and nitrogen oxide production, while enhancing superoxide dismutase activity. [Int J Hyperthermia] Full Article

Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity, Safety and Biodistribution of Oxaliplatin and 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Lactoferrin Nanoparticles for the Management of Colon Adenocarcinoma: An In Vitro and an In Vivo Study

Nanoparticles were prepared by water-in-oil process. The anti-proliferative efficacy and mode of cellular entry was evaluated in COLO-205 cells. 5-FU and oxaliplatin loaded nanoparticles showed enhanced antiproliferative activity as compared to free drugs in COLO-205 cells. [Pharm Res] Abstract

Protein Kinase CK2 Modulation of Pyruvate Kinase M Isoforms Augments the Warburg Effect in Cancer Cells

Researchers found that transitioned (CK2α) cells consumed more glucose and produced more lactate than control cells did. They revealed that pyruvate kinase M1 was downregulated and pyruvate kinase M2 was nuclear localized in CK2α cells. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

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Advances in Understanding the Role of Cytokines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The authors focus on the main effector and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced in IBD and discuss the results of recent trials in which cytokine-based therapy has been used for treating IBD patients. [Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

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New Phase III Data Show Investigational Subcutaneous Formulation of Vedolizumab Meets Primary Endpoint in Achieving Clinical Remission at Week 52 in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced top-line results from the VISIBLE 1 clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of an investigational subcutaneous formulation of vedolizumab for maintenance therapy in adult patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who achieved clinical response at week six following two doses of open-label vedolizumab intravenous induction therapy. [Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Initiates Phase IIIb Study of Linaclotide in Adult Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C)

Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the initiation of a Phase IIIb clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of linaclotide 290 mcg on multiple abdominal symptoms in addition to pain, including bloating and discomfort, in adult patients with IBS-C. [Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] Press Release

Abivax Completes Dosing in Phase IIa Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial of ABX464 in Ulcerative Colitis (ABX464-101)

ABIVAX announced the completion of dosing in its Phase IIa clinical trial ABX464-101 in 32 patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. [ABIVAX] Press Release

First Human Dosing of BT-11 Announced

Landos Biopharma, Inc., announced that the first healthy subjects have been dosed in a Phase I clinical study of BT-11, a first-in-class, orally-administered molecule targeting the LANCL2 pathway. BT-11 is in development for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. [Landos Biopharma] Press Release

Dr. Tamara Zietek discusses the use of intestinal organoids as a model system for nutrient transport. Listen Now

Research Dollars Go Farther at Less-Prestigious Institutions: Study

High-profile universities typically have their pick of the top candidates on the job market and garner the lion’s share of federal grants—but reputation is no indicator of the efficiency or influence of research at an institution, according to a preprint posted on bioRxiv. [The Scientist] Editorial

Universities in Germany and Sweden Lose Access to Elsevier Journals

Approximately 300 academic institutions in Germany and Sweden lost access to new papers published in Elsevier’s journals due to a standstill in negotiations for nationwide subscription contracts. [The Scientist] Editorial

Philippines Sweetens Deal for Scientists Who Return Home

A renewed government effort to draw Filipino scientists back to the Philippines by paying them to set up their own research labs or teach has met with a mixed reception. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposia: Cellular Plasticity: Reprogramming, Regeneration and Metaplasia
January 27-31, 2019
Keystone, Colorado, United States

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NEW Assistant/Associate Research Professor – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Cedars-Sinai Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute)

NEW Assistant Professor – Intestinal Physiology & Epithelial Cell Biology (Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School)

Postdoctoral Position – Paneth Cells (Erasmus MC Cancer Institute)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Molecular and Cell Biology (University of California, Berkeley)

Assistant Professor – Cancer Biology (Université de Genève)

Postdoctoral Research Position – Cancer Biology (Medical Research Council)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Colorectal Cancer (Dalhousie University)

PhD position – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Universitätsmedizin Berlin)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Intestinal Research (Vanderbilt University Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Biology and Metastasis (MD Anderson Cancer Center)

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