Intestinal Cell News Volume 4.47 | Dec 7 2018

TOP STORY

Human Intestinal Organoids Maintain Self-Renewal Capacity and Cellular Diversity in Niche-Inspired Culture Condition

Researchers established a refined organoid culture condition for intestinal epithelia that allowed human intestinal organoids to concurrently undergo multi-differentiation and self-renewal. High-throughput screening revealed that the combination of insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 enhanced the clonogenic capacity and CRISPR-genome engineering efficiency of human intestinal stem cells. [Cell Stem Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Interferon‐γ Directly Induces Gastric Epithelial Cell Death and Is Required for Progression to Metaplasia

The authors investigated the direct effects of a type 1 cytokine associated with autoimmunity and infection, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), on gastric epithelial cells. IFN‐γ was applied to 3D organoid cultures of gastric epithelial cells derived from gastric corpus gland of control and IFN‐γ receptor‐deficient mice. [J Pathol] Abstract

Roles of CD133 in Microvesicle Formation and Oncoprotein Trafficking in Colon Cancer

CD133-containing microvesicles induced the development of chemoresistance by abolishing the inhibitory effects of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor drugs on cell proliferation and motility in colon cancer. [FASEB J] Abstract

Variant of SNP rs1317082 at CCSlnc362 (RP11-362K14.5) Creates a Binding Site for miR-4658 and Diminishes the Susceptibility to CRC

Researchers explored the expression and function of CCSlnc362 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and tissues. They found lncRNA CCSlnc362 expression was significantly increased in CRC samples. Follow-up functional experiments elucidated that downregulation of CCSlnc362 inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis in CRC cells. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

HCRP-1 Regulates EGFR-AKT-BIM-Mediated Anoikis Resistance and Serves as a Prognostic Marker in Human Colon Cancer

In the in vitro assay, the authors found that hepatocellular carcinoma-related protein-1 (HCRP-1) depletion resulted in cell anoikis resistance. Knockdown of HCRP-1 suppressed Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) expression, with phosphorylation of AKT and p-FoxO3a, which was reversed by AKT siRNA or AKT inhibitor. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Sox2 Is Associated with Cancer Stem-Like Properties in Colorectal Cancer

Scientists clarified the role of Sox2 in colorectal cancer stem cells. Sox2 expression was measured in colon cancer cells and colorectal clinical samples by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Glucuronorhamnoxylan from Capsosiphon fulvescens Inhibits the Growth of HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo via Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death

Sulfated glucuronorhamnoxylan polysaccharide effectively inhibited the colorectal tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo by induction of apoptotic death of tumor cells, suggesting that it can be a potent ingredient for health-beneficial foods or anti-cancer agents to prevent or ameliorate human colon cancer. [Int J Biol Macromol] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

MicroRNA‐193a‐5p Inhibits Migration of Human HT‐29 Colon Cancer Cells via Suppression of Metastasis Pathway

Investigators revealed that miR‐193a‐5p was significantly downregulated in three colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and that HT‐29 displayed the most decrease. The restoration of miR‐193a‐5p in human HT‐29 cell line inhibited cell migration. But, miR‐193a‐5p transfection did not affect cell viability and had no significant effect on apoptosis induction. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

Upregulating MicroRNA-498 Inhibits Gastric Cancer Proliferation Invasion and Chemoresistance through Inverse Interaction of Bmi1

Lentivirus-mediated miR-498 overexpression inhibited cancer cell proliferations in vitro and in vivo, invasion and cisplatin chemoresistance. Bmi1 was demonstrated to be directly regulated by miR-498 in gastric cancer cell lines. [Cancer Gene Ther] Abstract

Hypoxia-Induced Upregulation of Human Epididymis Protein 4 Is Responsible for Resistance to Radiation Therapy of Gastric Cancer

Stable human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) knockdown and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α subunit overexpression were introduced into gastric cancer (GC) cell lines to study the role of HE4 in resistance of GC to radiation therapy. Colony formation assay and xenograft mouse model were employed to investigate the effects of radiation on GC cells. [Mol Ther Oncolytics] Abstract | Full Article

Epigenetic Silencing of Lgr5 Induces Senescence of Intestinal Epithelial Organoids during the Process of Aging

Scientists treated intestinal epithelial organoids from aged mice with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD⁺ intermediate. As a result, the organoids showed a higher NAD⁺ level, increased cell proliferative ability, activation of Lgr5 and suppression of senescence-associated genes, indicating that treatment with NMN could ameliorate senescence-related changes in intestinal epithelia. [NPJ Aging Mech Dis] Full Article

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Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Researchers discuss the initial observations and the most recent findings highlighting the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in inflammatory bowel disease-associated intestinal fibrosis and fistulae formation. [J Crohns Colitis] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Abivax Receives DSMB Recommendation to Continue Ongoing Extension Study of Its Completed Phase IIa Clinical Trial in Ulcerative Colitis Patients

Abivax announced that the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has recommended continuation of its ongoing 12-month open-label “maintenance” extension study, ABX464-102, continuing its completed randomized, placebo-controlled Phase IIa induction trial, ABX464-101. [Abivax] Press Release

Nash Pharmaceuticals Announces Positive Pre-Clinical Results for Its Lead Compound NP-178 in a New Study for Crohn’s Disease

Nash Pharmaceuticals Inc. announced that in a recent in vivo animal study for Crohn’s disease, NP-178, its lead compound for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, performed equivalent to and in some measurements, better than 5-ASA, a current global standard of care treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. [Nash Pharmaceuticals Inc. (GlobeNewswire, Inc)] Press Release

OncLive^® and The Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers Honored the 2018 Honorees of the Second Annual Luminary Awards in GI Cancers

OncLive^® and The Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, the founding partners of the Luminary Awards in GI Cancers, congratulated the 2018 honorees recognized at the Second Annual Luminary Awards ceremony. [OncLive^® (Bussiness Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Meet Dr. Caroline Lindemans and explore her work using organoids to study intestinal repair. Read the Full Profile

Panel Investigating Bullying, Harassment at UNAIDS Finds ‘Boy’s Club,’ Calls for Firing of Head

An independent panel that reviewed the culture at the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in Geneva, Switzerland, has issued a scathing report that calls for the ouster of Executive Director Michel Sidibé. The panel, which was initiated in by Sidibé after public allegations of bullying, sexual harassment, and abuse were leveled at UNAIDS, interviewed and surveyed a total of 500 staffers. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Research Funders Make Secretive Overseas Investments: Report

An investigation by Science reveals that charities’ investments support activities opposed to their own missions, such as human health and environmental protection. [The Scientist] Editorial

China Backs Bold Plan to Tear Down Journal Paywalls

In a huge boost to the open-access movement, librarians and funders in China have said that they intend to make results of publicly funded research free to read immediately on publication. The move includes a pledge of support for Plan S, a bold initiative launched in September by a group of European funders to ensure that, by 2020, their scientists make papers immediately open. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW AACR Annual Meeting 2019
March 29-April 3, 2019
Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Associate – Colon Cancer (Baylor College of Medicine)

NEW Faculty Position – Cancer Cell Signaling (The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center)

NEW Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

PhD Scholarship – Biophysical Nanomedicine (Technical University of Denmark)

Postdoctoral Scientist – Intestinal Immunology (University of Oxford)

Postdoctoral Research Fellowship – Mucosal Immunology (University of Oslo)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Colorectal Cancer (Luxembourg Institute of Health)

Associate Professor – Oncology (University of California, Davis)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Intestinal & Colonic Stem Cell Research (Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University)

Postdoctoral Position – Paneth Cells (Erasmus MC Cancer Institute)

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