Intestinal Cell News Volume 5.45 | Nov 29 2019

TOP STORY

HNF4 Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation and Is Required for Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells in Mice

Researchers performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene expression profiling analyses to identify genes regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) factors. They established organoids from duodenal crypts, incubated them with labeled palmitate or acetate, and measured production of TCA metabolites or fatty acids. [Gastroenterology] Abstract | Press Release

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Loss of Adenomatous Polyposis coli Function Renders Intestinal Epithelial Cells Resistant to the Cytokine IL-22

To investigate interleukin (IL)-22 signaling in wild-type (WT) and adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC)-mutant cells, the authors performed RNA sequencing of IL-22-treated murine small intestinal epithelial organoids. In WT epithelia, antimicrobial defence and cellular stress response pathways were most strongly induced by IL-22. [PLoS Biol] Full Article

NF-κB2 Signaling in Enteroids Modulates Enterocyte Responses to Secreted Factors From Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells

Investigators tested whether NF-κB2 regulated transcription in intestinal epithelial cells controls the intestinal epithelial response to cytokines that are known to disrupt intestinal barrier permeability. Enteroids were generated from the proximal, middle and distal regions of small intestine from C57BL/6J wild-type mice and displayed region-specific morphology that was maintained during sub-culture. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

DAPK1 Loss Triggers Tumor Invasion in Colorectal Tumor Cells

Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, scientists generated Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1)-deficient HCT116 monoclonal cell lines and characterized their knockout phenotype in vitro and in vivo. They showed that loss of DAPK1 implemented changes in growth pattern and enhanced tumor budding in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane model. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Coordinated Targeting of CK2 and KIT in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Biologic mechanisms of casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated CDC37 regulation were assessed in gastrointestinal stromal tumours by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitations, knockdown and inactivation assays. The effects of a combination of KIT and CK2 inhibition were assessed by immunoblotting, cell viability, colony growth, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis, migration and invasiveness. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Marine Invertebrate Extracts Induce Colon Cancer Cell Death via ROS-Mediated DNA Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Impairment

The antiproliferative effects of 20 invertebrate marine extracts on three colon cancer cell models were evaluated. Extracts from two nudibranchs, a holothuria, and a soft coral were selected due to their potent cytotoxic capacities. [Biomolecules] Full Article

Distribution Pattern and Molecular Signature of Cholinergic Tuft Cells in Human Gastro-Intestinal and Pancreatic-Biliary Tract

Scientists traced cholinergic tuft cells throughout the human alimentary tract with immunohistochemistry and deciphered their region-specific distribution and biomolecule coexistence patterns. While absent from the human stomach, cholinergic tuft cells localized to villi and crypts in the small and large intestines. [Sci Rep] Full Article

A Simulated Microgravity Environment Causes a Sustained Defect in Epithelial Barrier Function

Intestinal epithelial cells were cultured on microcarrier beads in simulated microgravity using a rotating wall vessel for 18 days prior to seeding on semi-permeable supports to measure ion flux and FITC-dextran permeability over 14 days. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Sauchinone Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation and Promotes Th17 Cell Production of IL-10 via Blimp-1

The authors established 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice and treated them with sauchinone. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the phenotype of T cells in the lamina propria. qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to measure cytokine transcript and protein levels, respectively. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract

Mitochondria-Enriched Protrusions Are Associated With Brain and Intestinal Stem Cells in Drosophila

Researchers showed that intestinal stem cells contain mitochondria-enriched protrusions. The quiescent neural stem cells and intestinal stem-cell protrusions differed from previously reported cytoplasmic extensions by forming stem-cell-to-niche mitochondrial bridges that could potentially both silence genes and sense signals from the stem cell niche. [Commun Biol] Full Article

Tumor-Suppressive Function and Mechanism of HOXB13 in Right-Sided Colon Cancer

The authors identified HOXB13, which was significantly less expressed in right-sided colon cancer (RCC) than in left-sided CC and associated with prognosis in RCC, by using five datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Tissue sample analysis showed that HOXB13 was differentially expressed between normal and only RCC tumor tissues. HOXB13 inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. [Signal Transduct Target Ther] Full Article

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Role of Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease: A Critical Review

The authors review the current information on the causative factors and mechanisms of Crohn’s disease (CD), including smoking, exercise, diet, animal protein, breastfeeding, history of childhood infection and vaccination, oral contraceptives, and antibiotics of CD. They also highlight important knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to advance the field of CD research. [Int J Colorectal Dis] Abstract

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Immuron Plans Phase III Trial for IMM-124E to Prevent Travelers’ Diarrhea

Immuron Limited announced that the company recently completed a pre-IND meeting with the FDA regarding its investigational drug IMM-124E which the company is developing to treat travelers’ diarrhea. [Immuron Limited] Press Release

Algernon Pharmaceuticals Provides Update on Its Planned Phase II Clinical Trial

Algernon Pharmaceuticals Inc. has acquired the capital resources required to launch its first Phase II clinical trial using one of its lead drug compounds in one of its four identified key disease areas being non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [Algernon Pharmaceuticals Inc. (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

PhD Students in China Report Misery and Hope

In a Nature survey, only 55% of the Chinese students who responded to the survey said that they were at least partially satisfied with their PhD experience. For the 5,630 respondents outside China, the satisfaction rate was 72%. [Nature News] Editorial

Chinese Ministry Investigates Duplications in Papers by University President

The Chinese education ministry is investigating scientific articles authored by high-profile immunologist and university president Cao Xuetao, following suggestions that dozens of papers contain potentially problematic images. Four journals also say they are examining papers from Cao. [Nature News] Editorial

Stark Party Differences in ‘Brexit Election’ Could Shape Future of UK Science

When representatives of each party took to a stage last week at the Royal Society in London, they all promised increased funding and easier immigration for scientists. But Brexit loomed over the discussion, says Sarah Main, director of the Campaign for Science and Engineering, an advocacy group in London. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Cancer Epigenetics: New Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities
January 26-30, 2020
Keystone, Colorado, United States

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NEW Assistant Professor – Intestinal Microbiota and Immunity (Hokkaido University)

Assistant Professor – Intestinal Microbiota Immunology (Hokkaido University)

Research Position – Microscopy of Human Tumors (Vienna University of Technology)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Mucosal Immunology (KU Leuven)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Neonatal Microbiota on Immune Imprinting (Pasteur Institute)

PhD Student – Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Inflammation (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology)

Research Fellow – Intestinal In Vivo/In Vitro Correlations (AbbVie)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Gut Microbiome & IBD (Case Western Reserve University)

Postdcotoral Scientist – iPSC Models of Intestinal Fibrosis (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center)

Senior Scientist – Immunology and Gastroenterology (Johnson & Johnson)

Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewel (Surrozen)

Principal Researcher – Systems Disease Biology (Boehringer Ingelheim)

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