Intestinal Cell News Volume 6.10 | Mar 20 2020

TOP STORY

Clinically Approved Carbon Nanoparticles with Oral Administration for Intestinal Radioprotection via Protecting the Small Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells and Maintaining the Balance of Intestinal Flora

Carbon nanoparticles suspension injection showed high reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities, which effectively alleviated the mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA double‐strand breaks to protect the cells against radiation‐induced damage. This efficient ROS scavenging ability greatly helped to restrain the apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial and crypt stem cells, which decreased the damage of the mechanical barrier and thus relieved radiation enteritis. [Small] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Loss of the Nuclear Wnt Pathway Effector TCF7L2 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Researchers investigated TCF7L2 dependence/independence of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and the cellular and molecular consequences of TCF7L2 loss-of-function. By genome editing they achieved complete TCF7L2 inactivation in several CRC cell lines without loss of viability, showing that CRC cells had widely lost the strict requirement for TCF7L2. [Oncogene] Full Article

Targeting CD133 Reverses Drug-Resistance via the AKT/NF-κB/MDR1 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer

The relationship between MDR and CSC properties in CRC was determined via CCK-8 assay, apoptosis assay, DOX uptake and retention, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Role of 3-Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase in the Regulation of Proliferation, Migration, and Bioenergetics in Murine Colon Cancer Cells

Scientists investigated the functional role of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST)’s catalytic activity in the murine colon cancer cell line CT26. The novel pharmacological 3-MST inhibitor HMPSNE was used to assess cancer cell proliferation, migration and bioenergetics in vitro. [Biomolecules] Full Article

GLP-2, EGF and the Intestinal Epithelial IGF-1 Receptor Interactions in the Regulation of Crypt Cell Proliferation

Normal and knockout (KO) mice lacking the intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IE-IGF-1R) were treated chronically with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or long-acting human hGly2GLP-2, followed by determination of intestinal growth parameters. Intestines from control and IE-IGF-1R KO mice were also used to generate organoids and were treated with EGF and/or IGF-1. [Endocrinology] Abstract

Carboranyl Derivatives of Rofecoxib with Cytostatic Activity against Human Melanoma and Colon Cancer Cells

The authors report the synthesis of carborane-containing derivatives of rofecoxib that displayed remarkable cytotoxic or cytostatic activity in the micromolar range with excellent selectivity for melanoma and colon cancer cell lines over normal cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article

ILK Supports RhoA/ROCK-Mediated Contractility of Human Intestinal Epithelial Crypt Cells by Inducing the Fibrillogenesis of Endogenous Soluble Fibronectin during the Spreading Process

Investigators observed that human intestinal epithelial crypt cell adhesion to exogenous fibronectin (FN) or collagen-I was sufficient to restore fibrillogenesis of endogenous FN in integrin-linked kinase (ILK)-depleted cells. [BMC Mol Cell Biol] Full Article

Similarities in the General Chemical Composition of Colon Cancer Cells and Their Microvesicles Investigated by Spectroscopic Methods-Potential Clinical Relevance

Scientists showed that similarity in the general chemical composition between colon cancer cells and their corresponding tumor-derived microvesicles does exist. These results were confirmed by spectroscopic methods for four colon cancer cell lines: HCT116, LoVo, SW480, and SW620 differing in their aggressiveness/metastatic potential. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

The Function of Piezo1 in Colon Cancer Metastasis and Its Potential Regulatory Mechanism

Overexpressing Piezo1 and silencing mitochondrial calcium uniporter promoted colon cancer cell migration and metastasis, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted each other’s expression. [J Cancer Res Clin Oncol] Full Article

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Innate Lymphoid Cell-Epithelial Cell Modules Sustain Intestinal Homeostasis

Researchers propose a conceptual framework positing that the various types of innate lymphoid cells act in distinct modules with intestinal epithelial cells, collectively safeguarding organ function. Such homeostasis-promoting circuitry has high potential to be plumbed for new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. [Immunity] Abstract

JAK-STAT Pathway Targeting for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The authors describe the current understanding of JAK-STAT signaling in intestinal homeostasis and disease and the rationale for targeting this pathway as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. [Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Houston Announce Collaborative Grant Awardees

Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Houston (UH) are teaming up for new research collaborations. The two Texas Medical Center member institutions have awarded grant funding for nine research projects, each with investigators from both schools, as part of a pilot program resulting from a 2019 Memorandum of Understanding between Baylor College of Medicine and UH to foster new partnerships and research collaborations. [University of Houston] Press Release

2020 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize for Shimon Sakaguchi

Shimon Sakaguchi, professor of Experimental Immunology at Osaka University will receive the 2020 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize for his pioneering discoveries of regulatory T cells and their role in self-tolerance. These cells have the potential to become the new heroes of medicine. [Goethe University Frankfurt (EurekAlert!)] Press Release

Amid Coronavirus Shutdowns, Some Grad Students Feel Pressure to Report to Their Labs

As the coronavirus outbreak roils university campuses across the world, early-career scientists are facing several dilemmas. Many are worrying about the survival of cell cultures, laboratory animals, and other projects critical to their career success. And some are reporting feeling unwelcome pressure to report to their laboratories. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Universities Urge US Leaders to Boost Science Budgets by 15%, Ease Rules to Cope With Pandemic

The US research community is urgently asking the White House and Congress to take steps aimed at keeping academic research—as well as museums, botanic gardens, and zoos—afloat during the coronavirus pandemic. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

US Primate Centers Work to Protect Animals from COVID-19

Like humans, monkeys are vulnerable to the virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic, although their symptoms are not entirely the same. This has opened up opportunities to study SARS-CoV-2, but has also meant facilities need to institute extensive precautions to prevent unintended contagion, particularly now as the researchers plan nonhuman primate experiments to aid in the development of coronavirus treatments and vaccines. [The Scientist] Editorial

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Research (The Ohio State University)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Research Scientist (Medical College of Wisconsin)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Intestinal Epithelial Cell Function (Wellcome Sanger Institute)

PhD Studentship – Stem Cell Derived Signals in Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Cancer (Durham University)

Lab Manager – Intestinal Research (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow Position – Gene Editing and Genomic Evolution (Northwestern University)

Postdoctoral Position – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (University of Copenhagen)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Position – Intestinal Immunity (The University of Chicago)

Postdoctoral Associate – Intestinal Immunology (The Scripps Research Institute)

Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewal (Surrozen)

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