Intestinal Cell News Volume 6.16 | May 8 2020

TOP STORY

SARS-CoV-2 Productively Infects Human Gut Enterocytes

In human small intestinal organoids, enterocytes were readily infected by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by confocal- and electron-microscopy. [Science] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

FADD and Caspase-8 Regulate Gut Homeostasis and Inflammation by Controlling MLKL- and GSDMD-Mediated Death of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Researchers showed that caspase-8 and its adapter FADD acted in intestinal epithelial cells to regulate intestinal inflammation downstream of Z-DNA binding protein 1- and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-mediated receptor interacting protein kinase 1 and RIPK3 signaling. [Immunity] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Ultrasmall Rhodium Nanozyme with RONS Scavenging and Photothermal Activities for Anti-Inflammation and Antitumor Theranostics of Colon Diseases

Investigators report polyethylene glycol-coated ultrasmall rhodium nanodots could serve as a metallic nanozyme with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) scavenging properties as well as photothermal activities for anti-inflammation and antitumor theranostics in colon diseases. [Nano Lett] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Essential Role for Autophagy Protein ATG7 in the Maintenance of Intestinal Stem Cell Integrity

Scientists showed that autophagy, a pathway allowing the lysosomal degradation of intracellular components, played a crucial role in the maintenance and genetic integrity of Lgr5⁺ intestinal stem cells under physiological and stress conditions. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Abstract

Medium-Throughput Drug Screening of Patient-Derived Organoids from Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases to Direct Personalized Therapy

The authors determined whether organoid testing could help guide precision treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with peritoneal metastases (CRPM). CRPM organoids isolated from patients underwent parallel next-generation sequencing and medium-throughput drug panel testing ex vivo to identify specific drug sensitivities for each patient. [Clin Cancer Res] Abstract

UHRF2 Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis through Stabilization of TCF4 Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Although loss of Uhrf2 did not affect intestinal homeostasis and regeneration, tumor initiation and progression were inhibited, leading to a dramatically prolonged life span in Uhrf2 null mice on an Apc^Min background. [Int J Cancer] Abstract

Comparison of Two Human Organoid Models of Lung and Intestinal Inflammation Reveals Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Activation and Monocyte Recruitment

Researchers developed human 3D lung and intestinal organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells to model mucosal tissues. They then compared their response to a panel of microbial ligands and investigated their ability to attract and host human primary monocytes. [Clin Transl Immunology] Full Article

Ubiquitination-Mediated Degradation of SIRT1 by SMURF2 Suppresses Crc Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis

Depletion of SMURF2 ledto NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) upregulation and induced the tumor formation and growth of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. [Oncogene] Abstract

The Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan-1 Regulates Colon Cancer Stem Cell Function via a Focal Adhesion Kinase – Wnt Signaling Axis

Syndecan‐1 siRNA knockdown in the human colon cancer cell lines Caco2 and HT‐29 resulted in an increased side population, enhanced ALDH1 activity, and higher expression of CD133, LGR5, EPCAM, NANOG, SOX2, KLF2, and TCF4/TCF7L2. [FEBS J] Abstract

Galectin-9 Is a Novel Regulator of Epithelial Restitution

Scientists found that galectin-9 (Gal-9)-deficient animals exhibited increased sensitivity to chemically-induced colitis and showed impaired proliferation in the setting of acute injury. They also demonstrated that Gal9^-/- derived enteroids displayed impaired growth ex vivo. [Am J Pathol] Abstract

MCU-Induced Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Colorectal Cancer Growth

Investigators demonstrated that mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was markedly upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Upregulated MCU was associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC. [Signal Transduct Target Ther] Full Article

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Interleukin-22 and Intestinal Homeostasis: Protective or Destructive?

Scientists discuss the latest knowledge on this issue and clarify the potential of interleukin-22 to be used in the future therapeutic approaches of intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. [IUBMB Life] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the intestinal cell research field.

European Commission Approves Subcutaneous Formulation of Entyvio^® (Vedolizumab) for use as Maintenance Therapy in Adults with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn’s Disease

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced that the European Commission has granted a Marketing Authorization for the subcutaneous formulation of Entyvio^®, a gut-selective biologic for use as maintenance therapy in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. [Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited] Press Release

Daiichi Sankyo Submits Supplemental New Drug Application for Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Japan for Treatment of Patients with HER2 Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer

Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited announced that it has submitted a supplemental New Drug Application to Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for trastuzumab deruxtecan, a HER2 directed antibody drug conjugate, for the treatment of patients with HER2 positive metastatic gastric cancer. [Daiichi Sankyo Company] Press Release

How Swamped Preprint Servers Are Blocking Bad Coronavirus Research

Repositories are rapidly disseminating crucial pandemic science — and they’re screening more closely to guard against poor-quality work. [Nature News] Editorial

‘It Will Not Be Easy.’ as Labs Begin to Reopen, Enormous Challenges Remain

One of the biggest challenges labs face is how to keep their members physically distanced to limit any potential spread of SARS-CoV-2. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Coronavirus: Share Lessons on Lifting Lockdowns

Countries are starting to lift restrictions on movement, but there is little consensus on how this should be done. Sharing best practice is the way forward. [Nature News] Editorial

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Colorectal Carcinogenesis (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen)

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Research Technician – Cancer (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Development (NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)

PhD Student – Cancer (Danish Cancer Society Research Center)

Faculty Positions – Precision Medicine (Sun Yat-Sen University)

Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Research (The Ohio State University)

Lab Manager – Intestinal Research (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Research Scientist – In Vivo Research on Wnt Signaling in Self-Renewal (Surrozen)

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