Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 11.20 | May 28 2019

TOP STORY

A Cellular Taxonomy of the Bone Marrow Stroma in Homeostasis and Leukemia

Researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing to define a cellular taxonomy of the mouse bone marrow stroma and its perturbation by malignancy. They identified seventeen stromal subsets expressing distinct hematopoietic regulatory genes spanning new fibroblastic and osteoblastic subpopulations including distinct osteoblast differentiation trajectories. [Cell] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Ca_v1.2 Regulates Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Canonical Wnt Pathway in Age-Related Osteoporosis

Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels related genes were screened, and the candidate gene was determined in several aging models. Functional role of determined channel on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells was investigated through gain and loss of function experiments. [Aging Cell] Full Article

Mitochondrial Adaptation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells following Ionizing Radiation

Scientists report on changes in mitochondrial remodeling in human MSCs following X-ray ionizing radiation (IR). Mitochondrial function was significantly increased in MSCs four hours after IR as measured by mitochondrial oxygen consumption. [FASEB J] Abstract

Identification of Betamethasone Regulated Target Genes and Cell Pathways in Fetal Rat Lung Mesenchymal Fibroblasts

Betamethasone was compared to corticosterone in steroid treated primary cultures of fetal rat lung fibroblast stimulated for six hours and analyzed by whole cell transcriptome sequencing and glucocorticoid receptor ChIP-Seq analysis. Strikingly, betamethasone stimulated a much stronger transcriptional response compared to corticosterone for both induced and repressed genes. [Endocrinology] Abstract

Comparison of Diffusion, Cytotoxicity and Tissue Inflammatory Reactions of Four Commercial Bleaching Products against Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Investigators evaluated the in vitro diffusion capacity, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of four commercial bleaching products on stem cells from human dental pulp. Two commercial bleaching gels hydrogen peroxide-based, Norblanc Office 37.5% and Opalescence Boost 40 were applied for 30 minutes to enamel/dentine discs. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The Role of Resveratrol in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Patients with Osteoporosis

The cell viability and proliferation of BMSCs after treatment with different concentrations of resveratrol was respectively observed by MTT assay and EdU staining. The apoptosis was assessed using by TUNEL staining and the pluripotency was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

IN VIVO

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are Required for Regeneration and Homeostatic Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle

The authors report the generation of a PDGFRα^CreER knockin mouse model that provided a specific means of labeling and targeting fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Depletion of FAPs using Cre-dependent diphtheria toxin expression resulted in loss of expansion of muscle stem cells and CD45⁺ hematopoietic cells after injury and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Atorvastatin Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction via Up-Regulating Long Non-Coding RNA H19

Exosomes were isolated from control MSCs and atorvastatin (ATV)-pretreated MSCs, and were then delivered to endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes in vitro under hypoxia and serum deprivation condition or in vivo in an acutely infarcted Sprague-Dawley rat heart. Regulatory genes and pathways activated by ATV pretreatment were explored using genomics approaches and functional studies. [Cardiovasc Res] Abstract

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of One-Stage Cartilage Repair in the Knee with Hyaluronic Acid-Based Scaffold Embedded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Sourced from Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

Patients underwent treatment of full-thickness chondral injury in the knee with bone marrow aspirate concentrate and were followed prospectively for a minimum of six years. Clinical outcomes were examined with patient-reported scoring instruments that consisted of the Tegner Activity Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, visual analog scale, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. [Am J Sports Med] Abstract

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modified by Angiogenin-1 Promotes Tissue Repair in Mice with Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy of Prematurity by Promoting Retinal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

Scientists investigated whether coculture retinal stem cells (RSCs) with bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells transfected with angiogenin-1 (Ang-1-MSCs) affected the damaged retinal tissue of oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity (OIR-ROP) mice. After OIR-ROP mouse model establishment, Ang-1-BMSCs, RSCs, and OIR-ROP retinal tissues were cocultured in a a transwell chamber. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

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Mitochondrial Regulation of Stem Cells in Bone Homeostasis

Mitochondria have emerged as key contributors to the organismal homeostasis, in which mitochondrial regulation of stem cells is becoming increasingly important. Originated from MSC and hematopoietic stem cell lineage commitments and interactions, bone is a representative organ where the mitochondrial essentiality to stem cell function has most recently been discovered, underlying skeletal health, aging, and diseases. [Trends Mol Med] Abstract

Cx601 (Darvadstrocel) for the Treatment of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease

The authors furnish an overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical applications and evidence for the use of MSCs for the treatment of perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease with particular focus on adipose-derived allogenic MSCs including darvadstrocel. [Expert Opin Biol Ther] Abstract

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Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated Early with Cell Therapy Delivered with BioCardia’s Helix Endocardial Delivery System Improved in Ejection Fraction and NYHA Class

BioCardia^®, Inc. announced positive results from a study of the company’s Helix™ Biotherapeutic Delivery System for cell therapy used to treat patients early following acute myocardial infarction to prevent long term heart failure. [Press release from BioCardia^®, Inc. discussing research presented at EuroPCR, Paris] Press Release

Bone Therapeutics to Present Data

Bone Therapeutics announced that it will give the following presentation; ‘Injectable bone-forming cells derived from human bone marrow-MSC improve bone repair in a mouse model by promoting host and donor bone formation through two mechanisms of action.’ [Press release from Bone Therapeutics discussing research to be presented at the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society (TERMIS) European Chapter Meeting 2019, Rhodes] Press Release

TYME and the Joseph Ahmed Foundation Announce Initiation of the HopES Phase II Trial Evaluating the Potential Benefits of SM-88 for Patients with High-Risk Sarcomas

Tyme Technologies, Inc. announced the initiation of the HopES trial conducted in partnership with The Joseph Ahmed Foundation to better understand and help manage high-risk sarcomas which are ultra-rare cancers with high unmet medical need. [Tyme Technologies, Inc.] Press Release

InGeneron Initiates Pivotal Study for Its Clinical Lead Program in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

InGeneron, Inc. announced the enrollment of the first patients in a pivotal study evaluating InGeneron’s cell therapy as a way to treat partial thickness rotator cuff tears involving a partial tear in the supraspinatus tendon. The primary goal of the double-blinded, multi-center trial is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the company’s autologous point-of-care cell therapy in treating this indication. [InGeneron, Inc.] Press Release

Taiwan Considers Double-Blind Peer Review for Grants

Taiwan’s science ministry is thinking of introducing double-blind peer review to assess research-grant proposals, a trend being adopted by some journals to eliminate bias. [Nature News] Editorial

Brazilian Scientists Strive to Turn Politicians into Allies

Brazil’s scientists are fighting back against President Jair Bolsonaro’s plans to slash funding for research and education programs. Researchers have joined with members of Brazil’s legislature, the National Congress, to highlight the strategic role that science, technology, and education play in the country’s economic and social development. [Nature News] Editorial

How European Scientists Will Spend €100 Billion

Politicians don’t win prizes for speed, but the European Union’s parliament and the leaders of its member states made record time this year when they hammered out an agreement that could supply researchers in Europe with more than €100 billion (US$113 billion) over seven years. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Stem Cells UK
October 1, 2019
London, United Kingdom

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NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Genetic Analysis of Sarcomas (The Francis Crick Institute)

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – Tumor Immunology of Mesenchymal Cells (Lund University)

NEW Assistant Director – Cell Therapy (MD Anderson Cancer Centre)

Cell Culture Specialist – Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Tisch MS Research Center of New York)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Regenerative Medicine & Developmental Genetics (Medical School of Chonnam National University)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Scaffolding and Drug Delivery in Regenerative Medicine (IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza)

Postdoctoral Associate – Inflammation and Aging in Adipose, Liver, and Muscle (Case Western Reserve University)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Cancer and Regenerative Medicine (University of Bristol)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (University Health Network)

Postdoctoral – Stem Cell & Biochemical Pharmacology (Genetech)

Assistant Professor – Sarcoma or Skeletal Related Malignancies (University of California at Davis)

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