Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 11.44 | Nov 12 2019

TOP STORY

High-Glucose-Induced miR-214-3p Inhibits BMSCs Osteogenic Differentiation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Microarray was utilized to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs, which uncovered that miR-214-3p potentially inhibited bone marrow MSCs osteogenic differentiation in type 1 diabetes mellitus mice. The authors found that high glucose suppressed bone marrow stem cells’ osteogenic differentiation with significant elevation of the miR-214-3p expression. [Cell Death Discov] Full Article

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IN VITRO

Deficiency of Macf1 in Osterix Expressing Cells Decreases Bone Formation by Bmp2/Smad/Runx2 Pathway

Researchers established osteoblast-specific Osterix (Osx) promoter-driven microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (Macf1) conditional knockout mice (Macf1^f/f-sx‐Cre). The Macf1^f/f-sx-Cre mice displayed delayed ossification and decreased bone mass. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) Express Immunomodulatory Factors and a Tropism Towards Devil Facial Tumor Cells

Investigators generated Tasmanian devil MSCs from devil induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), thus providing an unlimited source of devil MSCs and circumventing the need to harvest tissues from live animals. Devil iPSCs were differentiated into MSCs through both embryoid body formation assays and via inhibition of the transforming growth factor beta/activin signaling pathway. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Photobiomodulation with 630 Plus 810 Nm Wavelengths Induce More In Vitro Cell Viability of Human Adipose Stem Cells than Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells

Both in vitro human bone marrow-derived-MSCs and human adipose-derived stem cells were irradiated with 36 protocols using two different laser types, four different laser wavelengths; three different energy densities; and three different PBM times. [J Photochem Photobiol B] Abstract

Lung-Derived Exosomes in Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury Regulate the Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially via miR-28-5p

Scientists isolated lung exosomes in rats after phosgene exposure by ultracentrifugation and explored their effects on MSCs in vitro. Acute lung injury (ALI) exosomes were elliptical in shape and 50-200nm in size. ALI exosomes could promote proliferation and migration of MSCs. [Biomed Pharmacother] Full Article

CNT-Based Nanocarrier Loaded with Pyrimethamine for Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation and Cancer Treatment: The Computational and Experimental Methods

Carbon nanotube-pyrimethamine was used to differentiate MSCs into the neural category, for the first time. The results of NSE and NFM gene expression level were evaluated using the real-time PCR. A detailed study on the interaction between pyrimethamine anticancer drug and zigzag single-walled carbon nanotube was performed by DFT/B3LYP and DFT/M06-2X with 6-31G* basis set calculations in gas phase and in solvent using the PCM. [J Biotechnol] Abstract

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibited the Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Activated Microglial Cells through AMPK Pathway

The authors investigated the mechanism behind the therapeutic effect of human bone marrow (hBM)-MSCs on the activation of microglia in vitro. Specifically, the hBM-MSCs significantly inhibited the proliferation of lipopolysaccharide-activated microglial cells (LPS)-activated microglial cells. [J Neural Transm (Vienna)] Abstract

Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Function and Survival of Neutrophils from Severe Congenital Neutropenia Patients In Vitro

Neutrophils were isolated from the bloodstream of healthy donors and severe congenital neutropenia patients and cultured with medium, MSC-exosomes or MSC-conditioned media. Then, the effects of the two treatments on neutrophil respiratory burst, apoptosis and phagocytosis percentage were assessed using nitro blue tetrazolium assay, annexin V-propidium iodide and Giemsa staining, respectively. [Hum Immunol] Abstract

IN VIVO

TSG-6 in Conditioned Media from Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protects against Visual Deficits in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model through Neurovascular Modulation

About 12-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 50-psi air pulse on the left side of the head overlying the forebrain resulting in an mild traumatic brain injury. Age-matched sham blast mice served as control. About 1μl of adipose tissue-derived (ASC)-CCM or TSG-6 knockdown ASC-CCM was delivered intravitreally into both eyes. One month following injection, the ocular function was assessed followed by molecular and immunohistological analysis. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

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Injectable Cryogels for Biomedical Applications

Cryogels have been used for a number of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and more recently, immunotherapy. Investigators summarize the recent progress on the design of injectable cryogels, their current limitations, and strategies to further improve their properties for translatability into the clinic. [Trends Biotechnol] Abstract

Opportunities and Challenges of Translational 3D Bioprinting

The authors summarize the most recent developments in 3D bioprinting for clinical applications, with a focus on how 3D-printed cartilage, bone and skin can be designed for individual patients and fabricated using the patient’s own cells. They then discuss key translational considerations, such as the need to ensure close integration of the living device with the patient’s vascular network, the development of biocompatible bioinks and the challenges in deriving a physiologically relevant number of cells. [Nat Biomed Eng] Abstract

Targeting the Immune System with Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: What Is the Cargo’s Mechanism of Action?

Scientists analyze currently available evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC-extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo on the immune system. Studies that pinpoint specific MSC-EV-borne mediators of immunomodulation are highlighted, with a focus on the signaling events triggered by MSC-EVs in target immune cells. [Front Bioeng Biotechnol] Full Article

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ISSCA Faculty Honored with Health Sciences Awards at Conference Held at the University of Miami

Three faculty members with the International Society for Stem Cell Application (ISSCA) were honored with awards at the organization’s recent regenerative medicine conference held at the University of Miami. The awards were sponsored by the Sociedad Internacional en Investigación, Salud, Desarrollo Empresarial y Tecnologías and lauded the honorees for their commitment to leadership and education in the field of regenerative medicine. [PR Underground] Press Release

Maryland Stem Cell Research Commission Announces New Funding Opportunities

The Maryland Stem Cell Research Commission issued a Request for Applications (RFAs) for its second round of funding for fiscal year 2020 and is looking to continue funding cutting-edge research and accelerating cures through the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (MSCRF). Established under the Maryland Stem Cell Research Act of 2006, the MSCRF is currently budgeted to commit up to $8.2 million, in aggregate, in FY2020 to fund grants under all of its RFAs. [Maryland Stem Cell Research Commission (PR Newswire, Inc.)] Press Release

More South Korean Academics Caught Naming Kids as Co-Authors

The number of South Korean academics accused of naming children as co-authors on research manuscripts — even though the children did not contribute to the research — continues to grow. [Nature News] Editorial

What the Protests and Violence in Chile Mean for Science

As universities shut down, researchers are demonstrating — and meeting with lawmakers to figure out if science can help solve socio-economic inequality. [Nature News] Editorial

NEW Advancing Precision Medicine Drug Development: Incorporation of Real-World Data and Other Novel Strategies
January 9-12, 2020
San Diego, California, United States

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NEW Researcher – Musculoskeletal Disorders (National University of Ireland Galway)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells (Yale University School of Medicine)

Faculty Position – Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (Columbia University)

Research Assistant – Stem Cells and Engineering (New York Blood Center)

Researcher – Biomaterials and Stem Cells (National University of Ireland Galway)

Postdoctroal Researcher – CRISPR/Cas9 in Tissue Regeneration (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Tenure-Track Positions – Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics (University of Michigan)

Professor Positions – Biomedical Science (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Assistant Professor – Cell and Molecular Biology (Boston University)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Stem Cells (University of South Florida)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Proteoglycans in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (Drexel University)

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