Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 12.17 | May 5 2020

TOP STORY

Mesenchymal Niche Remodeling Impairs Hematopoiesis via Stanniocalcin 1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

To mimic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) infiltration and dissect the cellular crosstalk in human bone marrow, researchers established humanized ex vivo and in vivo niche models comprising AML cells, normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and MSCs. [J Clin Invest] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

IN VITRO

Mesenchymal PGD2 Activates an ILC2-Treg Axis to Promote Proliferation of Normal and Malignant HSPCs

Scientists showed that MSCs from patients with acute myeloid leukemia or normal MSCs overexpressing cyclooxygenase (COX)2 promoted proliferation of co-cultured hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which could be prevented by treatment with COX2 knockdown or TM30089, a specific antagonist of the PGD2 receptor CRTH2. [Leukemia] Abstract

Genetic Correction of Werner Syndrome Gene Reveals Impaired Pro-Angiogenic Function and HGF Insufficiency in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

WRN^+/+ MSCs exhibited improved pro-angiogenesis. An analysis of paracrine factors revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was downregulated in WRN^−/− MSCs. [Aging Cell] Full Article

Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR3/CXCR7 Controls Postnatal Vasculogenesis and Arterial Specification by Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Notch Signaling

Researchers showed that vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) activated CXCR7 expression on MSCs through PDGF receptors, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Induce Regulatory T Cells via Epigenetic Conversion of Human Conventional CD4 T Cells In Vitro

The authors performed a preclinical investigation on the potential of MSCs to expand regulatory T cells in vitro to support future clinical trials. [Stem Cells] Full Article | Press Release

M2 Macrophagy-Derived Exosomal miRNA-5106 Induces Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells towards Osteoblastic Fate by Targeting Salt-Inducible Kinase 2 and 3

Scientists demonstrated that miR-5106 was highly enriched in M2 macrophage-derived exosomes, and that it could be transferred to bone MSCs wherein it targeted salt-inducible kinase 2 and 3 genes to promote osteoblast differentiation. [J Nanobiotechnology] Full Article

IN VIVO

Engineered Niches Support the Development of Human Dendritic Cells in Humanized Mice

Engraftment of engineered MSCs together with CD34⁺ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells created an in vivo synthetic niche in the dermis of immunodeficient mice driving the differentiation of classical dendritic cells (DCs) and CD123⁺AXL⁺CD327⁺ pre/AS-DCs. [Nat Commun] Full Article

Exosomal miR-25-3p from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Myocardial Infarction by Targeting Pro-Apoptotic Proteins and EZH2

Investigators found that MSC co-culture reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Cardioprotection was also observed upon treatment with MSC-derived exosomes in vitro and in vivo. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

MiRNA-98-5p Targeting IGF2BP1 Induces Mesenchymal Stem Cells Apoptosis by Modulating PI3K/Akt and p53 in Immune Thrombocytopenia

miR-98-5p overexpression impaired the therapeutic effect of MSCs in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mice. All-trans retinoic acid protected MSCs from apoptosis by downregulating miR-98-5p, thus providing a potential therapeutic approach for ITP. [Mol Ther Nucleic Acids] Abstract | Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Wnt7b-Induced Sox11 Functions Enhance Self-Renewal and Osteogenic Commitment of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The authors systematically investigated the in vivo role of Wnt7b in bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) using transgenic mice, high-throughput RNA-seq, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and in situ hybridization. [Stem Cells] Abstract

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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Derivatives: Putative Therapeutics in the Management of Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Scientists highlight the most recent MSC live-cell experiments for acute pancreatitis and discuss the opportunities afforded by the emergence of the newly identified field of MSC necrobiology. [FEBS Open Bio] Abstract | Full Article

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Phase II/III Randomized Controlled Trial of Remestemcel-L in 300 Patients with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Begins Enrollment

Mesoblast Limited announced a Phase II/III randomized, placebo-controlled trial to rigorously confirm whether its allogeneic MSC therapy remestemcel-L provides a survival benefit in moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 has commenced enrollment. [Mesoblast Limited] Press Release

GIOSTAR Announces FDA Approval under Compassionate Use for a COVID-19 Clinical Trial with Stem Cells

Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research (GIOSTAR) announced that they have received an approval for COVID-19 clinical trial. GIOSTAR will conduct the trials using stem cells to treat COVID-19 patients, under the approval of the FDA “expanded access for compassionate use” program. [Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research] Press Release

As COVID-19 Forces Conferences Online, Scientists Discover Upsides of Virtual Format

As the novel coronavirus outbreak shutters businesses and disrupts everyday life for billions around the globe, massive annual conferences and small society meetings alike have moved online. The new format poses numerous technical and organizational challenges, but it also offers opportunities- for reaching wider audiences, reducing the carbon footprint of meeting travel, and improving diversity and equity. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

The Pandemic’s Effects on Recruiting International STEM Trainees

Pandemic-related concerns that have arisen for science trainees—shuttered labs, research and education delays, anxiety—are applicable across the board. But international graduate students and postdocs face a suite of unique challenges that raise uncertainty about recruiting and supporting this critical group of researchers in the future. [The Scientist] Editorial

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NEW Research Fellow – Critical Limb Ischemia (National University of Ireland Galway)

Research Group Leaders – Structural Biology Research Centre (Fondazione Human Technopole)

Principal Investigators and Postdoctoral Fellows – Cell Biology (Fudan University)

Senior Research Scientist – Regenerative Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine)

Principal Investigator/Professor Positions – Stem Cell Research (Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health)

PhD Student – Bioprinting of Tissues (Uppsala University)

Postdoctoral Positions – Systems Biology and Metabolism (Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Biomaterials and Nanotechnology in Regenerative Medicine (Guangzhou Medical University)

Assistant Professor – Sarcoma (McGill University)

Faculty Position – Regenerative Medicine (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Bone Repair (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Associate – Cartilage Regeneration (Drexel University)

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