Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 5.24 | Jun 25 2013

The Role of miR-31-Modified Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Repairing Rat Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects
Researchers systematically evaluated the function of microRNA (miR)-31 in enhancing adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ASC) osteogenesis and the therapeutic potential of miR-31-modified ASCs in a rat critical-sized defects model with ß-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. The results showed that in cultured ASCs in vitro, lentivirus (Lenti)-antisense-miR-31 significantly enhanced osteogenic mRNA and protein expression when compared with the Lenti-negative control group. [Biomaterials] Abstract

Infiltrating Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Population and Metastatic Ability via Secreting Cytokines to Suppress Androgen Receptor Signaling
Although the contribution of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in cancer progression is emerging, their potential roles in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. Scientists showed that PCa cells could recruit BM-MSCs and consequently the metastatic ability of PCa cells was increased. [Oncogene] Abstract

Multi-Therapeutic Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury
Recently, mesenchymal stem cells have been extensively used in regenerative medicine and have achieved a high level of efficacy. In the present study, scientists hypothesized that human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be used as potential tools to heal radiation-induced intestinal injuries. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Priming 3D Cultures of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells towards Cartilage Formation via Developmental Pathways
Investigators aimed at recapitulating the first events occurring during limb development to prime 3D cultures of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hBM-MSC) towards the chondrogenic route. hBM-MSC were responsive to Wnt signaling in 3D pellet culture, as assessed by significant upregulation of main target genes and increase of unphosphorylated ß catenin levels. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

The Posterior Iliac Crest Outperforms the Anterior Iliac Crest When Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow
Researchers compared the number of cells, concentration, and prevalence of colony-founding connective-tissue progenitors from the anterior and posterior iliac crest. The yield of colony-founding connective-tissue progenitors was 1.6 times greater in the posterior compared with the anterior iliac crest. [J Bone Joint Surg Am] Abstract

Cellular Behavior of Hepatocyte-Like Cells from Nude Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Galactosylated Poly(D,L-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)
The cellular behavior of hepatocyte-like cells on the surface of the galactosylated poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) were investigated. Nude mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured under hepatogenic conditions and the differentiated cells were characterized by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and periodic acid-Schiff staining. [J Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract

Temporal Profiling of the Growth and Multi-Lineage Potentiality of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cell-Sheets
Researchers temporally profiled both the effect of hyperconfluent culture duration on adipose tissue-derived stem cell-cell sheet’s (ASC-CSs) development, and the multipotentiality of ASC-CSs by differentiation into the osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. [J Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract

Trop2 Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Compact-Bone Derived MSCs
To investigate the relationship between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Trop2, a protein overexpressed in cancer cells, scientists constructed a Trop2 gene knockout mouse by homologous recombination. Herein, they report that Trop2 is expressed exclusively on the MSC membrane and is involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. [Int J Oncol] Abstract

The Enhanced Effect of Surface Microstructured Porous Titanium on Adhesion and Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
To investigate the effect of surface treatments of porous titanium on the attachment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, two kinds of surface microstructured porous titaniums, H₂O₂/TaCl₅ treated one (HTPT), and H₂O₂/TaCl₅ and subsequent simulated body fluid (SBF) treated one (STPT) were fabricated, and non-treated one was used as control. The results showed that H₂O₂/TaCl₅ treatment led to a significant increase in both specific surface area and micropores of HTPT, and the further SBF immersion resulted in the formation of a layer of bone-like apatite on the surface of STPT. [J Mater Sci Mater Med] Abstract

SOX2 Regulates YAP1 to Maintain Stemness and Determine Cell Fate in the Osteo-Adipo Lineage
Researchers showed that the Hippo pathway effector YAP1 is a direct target of SOX2 and can compensate for the self-renewal defect caused by SOX2 inactivation in osteoprogenitors and mesenchymal stem cells. Osteogenesis is blocked by high SOX2 or YAP1, accelerated by depletion of either one, and the inhibition of osteogenesis by SOX2 requires YAP1. [Cell Rep] Abstract | Full Article

REVIEWS

Health Center Researchers Awarded State Stem Cell Funds
Nine scientists at the University of Connecticut (UConn) Health Center received grant awards totaling $4.5 million from the Connecticut Stem Cell Research Program, making UConn the largest recipient of the $9.8 million total grants awarded this year. [University of Connecticut] Press Release

Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR) Appoints Robert N. Klein to Board of Directors
Dr. Calvin Stiller, Chair of the Board of Directors of the OICR announced the appointment of Robert N. Klein to OICR’s Board of Directors. Mr. Klein initiated California’s Proposition 71, a $3 billion ballot initiative that established the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. [Ontario Institute for Cancer Research]
Press Release

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