miR-21 Modulates the Immunoregulatory Function of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the PTEN/Akt/TGF-β1 Pathway The authors showed that microRNA (miR)-21 negatively regulates the activity of immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-β1 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Consistently, bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) from miR-21-/- mice showed enhanced immunosuppressive function by more TGF-β1 secretion and induce more CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells compared to wild-type BMMSCs in vitro, which anti-TGF-β1 antibody abrogates. [Stem Cells] Abstract Neuroprotective Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Compartmentalized Neuronal Membrane System Investigators describe the development of a compartmentalized membrane system using neonatal rodent hippocampal cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to investigate the neuroprotective effects of hMSCs. [Acta Biomater] Abstract Isolation and Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Subpopulations: Comparison of Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Researchers performed immunomagnetic selections with five single surface markers to isolate mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulations from bone marrow and adipose tissue: CD271, SUSD2, MSCA-1, CD44 and CD34. They determined the phenotype, the clonogenicity, the proliferation, the differentiation capacity and the immunoregulatory profile of the sub-populations obtained in comparison with unselected cells. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract Cytoskeletal to Nuclear Strain Transfer Regulates YAP Signaling in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Scientists report that actomyosin-generated cytoskeletal tension regulates nuclear shape and force transmission through the cytoskeleton and demonstrate the differential short- and long-term response of mesenchymal stem cells to dynamic tensile loading based on the contractility state, the patency of the actin cytoskeleton, and the connections it makes with the nucleus. [Biophys J] Abstract Effects of Transplantation of CTLA4Ig-Overexpressing Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mice with Sustained Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators aimed to determine whether CTLA4Ig and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed synergistic effects on immunomodulation and clinical improvement of sustained severe rheumatoid arthritis in a mouse model. [Cell Transplant] Full Article Low Extracellular Sodium Promotes Adipogenic Commitment of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Mechanism for Chronic Hyponatremia-Induced Bone Loss The authors investigated the effects of a chronic reduction of extracellular sodium concentrations, independently of osmotic stress, on human mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow, the common progenitor for osteoblasts and adipocytes. [Endocrine] Abstract Isolation, Culture, Differentiation, and Nuclear Reprogramming of Mongolian Sheep Fetal Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Scientists characterized the differentiation potentiality and the developmental potential of cloned embryos of fetal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Mongolian sheep. [Cell Reprogram] Abstract Regulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation by TREM-2 Scientists demonstrated that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) is expressed by human mesenchymal stem cells and responds to the toll-like receptor ligand lipopolysaccharide. [Hum Immunol] Abstract |