Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 7.42 | Oct 27 2015

Purified Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promote Osteogenic Regeneration
Scientists identified a dental pulp tissue–specific cell population based on the expression profiles of 2 cell-surface markers LNGFR and THY-1. Prospectively isolated, dental pulp–derived LNGFR^Low+THY-1^High+ cells represent a highly enriched population of clonogenic cells—notably, the isolated cells exhibited long-term proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. [J Dent Res] Abstract

Administration of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration
Investigators examined whether tauroursodeoxycholic acid could promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by regulating integrin 5 associated with activation of ERK1/2 signal pathway and thereby enhance bone tissue regeneration by reducing apoptosis and the inflammatory response. [Bone] Abstract

Energy Metabolism in Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Osteogenic Differentiation
Using bioenergetic profiling and transcriptomics, investigators established that mesenchymal stem cells activate the mitochondrial process of oxidative phosphorylation during osteogenic differentiation, but maintain levels of glycolysis similar to undifferentiated cells. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Enhanced Osteogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Cortical Bone: A Comparative Analysis
Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from cortical bone fragments obtained from patients undergoing laminectomy, selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and tested for their potential to undergo mesodermic differentiation. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

WISP1 Mediates BMP3-Stimulated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation
Researchers showed that bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP3) increased the expression of WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) as early as three hours following BMP3 treatment in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Importantly, the upregulated WISP1 expression preceded BMP3-induced MSC proliferation, as determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. [J Mol Endocrinol] Abstract

Suppression of Evi1 Promotes the Osteogenic Differentiation and Inhibits the Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro
Scientists found that ectopic viral integration site-1 (Evi1) was highly expressed during the process of adipogenesis of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Notably, Evi1 levels markedly increased on day three of adipogenic differentiation following the addition of adipogenic induction supplements. [Int J Mol Med] Abstract

IN VIVO

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Murine Atherosclerosis Development
Scientists investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could reduce atherosclerosis, which is determined by dyslipidaemia and chronic inflammation. They adoptively transferred MSCs into low-density lipoprotein-receptor knockout mice and put these on a Western-type diet to induce atherosclerosis. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Optimization of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Rapamycin in a Murine Model of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease
In vivo, the inhibiting properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the clinical severities of acute graft-versus-host disease were greater in mice receiving rapamycin-treated adipose tissue-derived human MSCs (Ad-hMSCs) compared with untreated Ad-hMSCs. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cell Therapy: Safety and Feasibility in Different “Hospital Exemption” Clinical Applications
Based on immunomodulatory, osteogenic, and pro-angiogenic properties of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), the authors assessed the safety and efficacy of ASC-derived cell therapies for clinical indications. [PLoS One] Full Article

Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Postoperative Temporal Bone Defect: An Animal Model
Researchers demonstrated a beneficial effect of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) on temporal bone formation and provided a tool to improve the quality of life of patients after canal wall down mastoidectomy by hMSCs implantation. [Cell Transplant] Full Article

Histone Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Regulators in Balancing Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
The authors summarize the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms by which Su(var)3–9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax domain-containing histone lysine methyltransferases and Jumonji C domain-containing histone lysine demethylases balance the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. [Int J Oral Sci] Full Article

Vascularization Mediated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue: A Comparison
The authors provide an overview and a comparison of the current knowledge of co-cultures of human endothelial cells with human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells or bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells in three dimensional hydrogel matrices. [Cell Regen] Full Article

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Bogus Cell Therapy Market Worth Up to $2.4 Billion
The global market for unproven cell therapies may be worth as much as $2.4 billion, according to a report published by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. [Thomson Reuters] Press Release

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