Mesenchymal Cell News Volume 7.44 | Nov 10 2015

Changes in Autophagy, Proteasome Activity and Metabolism to Determine a Specific Signature for Acute and Chronic Senescent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Scientists induced mesenchymal stromal cell senescence by oxidative stress, doxorubicin treatment, X-ray irradiation and replicative exhaustion. The first three are considered inducers of acute senescence while extensive proliferation triggers replicative senescence also named as chronic senescence. [Oncotarget] Abstract

Multilayered Dense Collagen–Silk Fibroin Hybrid: A Platform for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation towards Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Lineages
Seeded mesenchymal stem cell-mediated dense collagen (DC)–silk fibroin (SF)–DC contraction, as well as growth and differentiation under chondrogenic and osteogenic supplements, were compared to those seeded in DC and on SF alone. [J Tissue Eng Regen Med] Abstract

Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Systemic Bone Loss in Collagen-Induced Arthritis
The authors investigated the effect of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) on in vitro formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and pathological bone loss in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis. They observed that ASCs significantly inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand–induced osteoclastogenesis in both a contact-dependent and -independent manner. [J Immunol] Abstract

The Murine Bladder Supports a Population of Stromal Sca-1⁺/CD34⁺/lin^– Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Scientists characterized a mesenchymal progenitor cell population as a first step in understanding its role in bladder fibrosis. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting, they identified a Sca-1⁺/CD34⁺/lin^– population in the adult murine bladder. [PLoS One] Full Article

Simulated Microgravity Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Down Regulating the Transcriptional Co-Activator TAZ
The authors utilized a clinostat to model simulated microgravity (SMG) and found that SMG obviously inhibited osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. They detected that SMG dramatically inhibited the expression of the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which acts as a vital regulator of osteogenesis. [Biochem Biophys Res Commun] Abstract

IN VIVO

Neuroprotection and Immunomodulation by Xenografted Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells following Spinal Cord Ventral Root Avulsion
Lewis rats were submitted to surgery for unilateral avulsion of the lumbar ventral roots and received 5×10⁵ adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells via the lateral funiculus. Two weeks after cell administration, the animals were sacrificed and the motor neurons, T lymphocytes and cell defense nervous system were analyzed. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Safety of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Renal Transplant Recipients: The Neptune Study
This study will provide information on the safety of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells infusion and its effect on the incidence of biopsy proven acute rejection/graft loss. [J Transl Med] Full Article

Effects of In Vitro Endochondral Priming and Pre-Vascularisation of Human MSC Cellular Aggregates In Vivo
Researchers tested the hypothesis that a tissue regeneration approach that incorporates both chondrogenic priming of mesenchymal stem cells, to first form a cartilage template, and subsequent pre-vascularisation of the cartilage constructs, by co-culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, will improve vessel infiltration and thus mineral formation once implanted in vivo. [Stem Cell Res Ther] Full Article

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Osiris Therapeutics Announces a New Product: Stravix™
Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. announced the launch of Stravix™, a cryopreserved human placental tissue designed to address surgical needs for soft tissue repair. [Osiris Therapeutics, Inc.] Press Release

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