Muscle Cell News 2.21 June 19, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYScientists systematically identified small molecules triggering postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. By screening chemical compound libraries utilizing a Fucci-based system for assessing cell cycle stages, they identified carbacyclin as an inducer of postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro, carbacyclin induced proliferation of neonatal and adult mononuclear rat cardiomyocytes via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ)/PDK1/p308Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. [Cell Res] Full Article | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLSResearchers established a model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in BALB/c mice by immunization with porcine cardiac myosin. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate toll like receptor4 (TLR4) activation in EAM mice and H9C2 cells. LPS stimulation significantly aggravated cardiac inflammation and tissue injury in EAM, as demonstrated by increased myocardium inflammatory cell infiltration, and up-regulated inflammatory cytokines and troponin I level in serum. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Abstract Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Cardiomyocyte Autophagy and Survival during Hypoxia The authors established a myocardial hypoxia model using the H9c2 cell line and performed shock waves (SWs) treatment to evaluate the effect of SW on autophagy. After the 24-hour hypoxic period, cardiomyocyte viability and ATP levels were decreased and autophagy was significantly increased in H9c2 cells. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Abstract Investigators describe the protective effect of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage. They investigated the NADPH oxidase-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related signaling pathways and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under hypoxia conditions. Results showed that the ROS mediated cardiac damage might occur via AT1 and PKC activation. [PLoS One] Full Article SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLSThe authors showed that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an inflammatory cytokine that directly targets muscle-specific stem cells (MuSCs) via the EP4 receptor, leading to MuSC expansion. An acute treatment with PGE2 sufficed to robustly augment muscle regeneration by either endogenous or transplanted MuSCs. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article | Press Release Scientists showed that whether COP9 signalosome (CSN) 3 participates in myoblast differentiation and the signaling mechanisms involved using C2C12 cells as a skeletal muscle cell model. Transduction of C2C12 cells with two distinct CSN3 shRNAs led to the production of two cells lines expressing 7% of CSN3 protein and 43% of CSN3 protein compared to controls. [BMC Pharmacol Toxicol] Full Article SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLSResearchers investigated whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces a migratory myofibroblastic phenotype in human temporal artery-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) leading to intimal hyperplasia and vascular occlusion in giant-cell arteritis (GCA). They found that ET-1 was upregulated in GCA lesions and, by promoting VSMC migration towards the intimal layer, could contribute to intimal hyperplasia and vascular occlusion in GCA. [Ann Rheum Dis] Abstract Scientists investigated the effects of cAMP-induced cytoskeletal remodeling on the serum response factor co-factors MKL1 and MKL2 and their role in controlling vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and migration. Elevation of cAMP using forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP, BAY60-6583 or cicaprost induced rapid cytoskeleton remodeling and inhibited proliferation and migration in VSMCs but not EC. [Sci Rep] Full Article Neutrophils and endothelial cells were seeded on decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) of non-asthmatic (NA) or asthmatic (Archive) airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells previously exposed to tumstatin in the presence or absence of a broad matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, Marimastat. The presence of tumstatin during ECM deposition affected neutrophil and endothelial cell properties on both NA and A ASM-derived matrices and this was only partly due to MMP activity. Gene expression patterns in response to tumstatin in NA and A ASM cells were different. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article Flavonoid Tilianin was isolated from Dracocephalum moldavica, and its pharmacological mechanism on proliferation, migration and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced with Angiotensin II (Ang II) was systematically evaluated. Primary rat VSMCs were stimulated with Ang II to induce proliferation. The results showed that Tilianin could inhibit proliferation and expression of intracellular proliferating cell nuclear antigen in VSMCs induced with Ang II, in a dose-dependent manner. [Phytother Res] Abstract | |
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REVIEWSExcept for heart transplantation, current therapy options only treat the symptoms but do not cure the disease. Stem cell-based therapies represent a possible paradigm shift for cardiac repair. However, most of the first-generation approaches displayed heterogeneous clinical outcomes regarding efficacy. Aiming at highlighting controversies, the authors provide a critical overview of the translation of first-generation and second-generation cell types. [NPJ Regen Med] Full Article Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the muscle cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSRASRx Receives Orphan Drug Designation from FDA RASRx announced that the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted an Orphan Drug Designation for its compound RASRx1902 for the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. [CureDuchenne] Press Release Mallinckrodt plc confirmed enrollment of the first patient in the company’s Phase IIB study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of H.P. Acthar® Gel as a treatment for ALS. [Mallinckrodt plc] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSBiologists Debate How to License Preprints Biology’s zeal for preprints — papers posted online before peer review — is opening up a thorny legal debate: should scientists license their manuscripts on open-access terms? Researchers have now shared more than 11,000 papers at the popular bioRxiv preprints site. But where some researchers allow their bioRxiv manuscripts to be freely redistributed and reused, others have chosen to lock them down with restrictive terms. [Nature News] Editorial Indian Research Labs Face Financial Crisis India’s 38 premier scientific laboratories are in a budgetary pinch. A jump in expenditures on salaries, pensions, and perks for government employees, recommended by an advisory commission, is leaving little money for new research in the budget of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, based in New Delhi, which oversees the labs and their 4600 scientists. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Texas Has Sanctioned Unapproved Stem Cell Therapies. Will It Change Anything? Texas Governor Greg Abbott signed a bill allowing clinics and companies in the state to offer people unproven stem cell interventions without the testing and approval required under federal law. Like the “right to try” laws that have sprung up in more than 30 states, the measure is meant to give desperately ill patients access to experimental treatments without oversight from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. [ScienceInsider] Editorial Empty Rhetoric over Data Sharing Slows Science Government agencies lack the funds to build platforms for data sharing and resist taking responsibility for such infrastructure. They may hope that universities will host data, but the development of institutional repositories is patchy, and to rely on them is effectively to discourage common data standards and curation. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW 3rd CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESNEW Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Muscle Biology (University of Oxford) NEW Research Fellow – Skeletal Muscle Cell Biology (University of Warwick) Postdoctoral Fellow – Cardiovascular Physiology (University of Nevada, Reno) Postdoctoral Fellow – Diabetes and Heart Disease (University Health Network) Postdoctoral Fellow – Physiology and Cell Biology (University of Nevada, Reno) Research Fellow – Cardiovascular Diseases (Mayo Clinic) Postdoctoral Position(s) – Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells (Inserm) Postdoctoral/ Graduate Student Positions – Neuromuscular Diseases (University of Alberta) PhD Studentship – Experimental Genetic Cardiology (Oslo University Hospital) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Muscle Cell News Volume 2.21 | Jun 19 2017