Muscle Cell News Volume 4.11 | Apr 1 2019

TOP STORY

Endothelial Cells Regulate Physiological Cardiomyocyte Growth via VEGFR2-Mediated Paracrine Signaling

Researchers used genetic mouse models to delete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, adeno-associated viral vectors to transduce the myocardium and pharmacological inhibitors to block VEGF and ErbB signaling in vivo. Cell culture experiments were employed for mechanistical studies and qPCR, microarrays, ELISA and immunohistochemistry to analyze the cardiac phenotypes. [Circulation] Abstract

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CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS

A Microscopically Motivated Model for the Remodeling of Cardiomyocytes

Scientists present a thermodynamically based model that captures the remodeling effects in cardiac muscle cells. This work begins with the formulation of the kinematics of a cardiomyocyte resulting from a prescribed macroscopic deformation and the reorganization of the internal structure. [Biomech Model Mechanobiol] Abstract

Adiponectin Secretion from Cardiomyocytes Produces Canonical Multimers and Partial Co-Localization with Calsequestrin in Junctional SR

The authors expressed adiponectin (ADN) in cultured primary adult cardiomyocytes and nonmuscle (COS) cells. After 48 hours of ADN expression by adenovirus treatment, roughly half of synthesized ADN was secreted from cardiomyocytes, and half was still in-transit within inner membrane compartments, similar to COS cells. [Mol Cell Biochem] Abstract

SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS

High-Dimensional Single-Cell Cartography Reveals Novel Skeletal Muscle-Resident Cell Populations

Using a combined approach of single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry, investigators precisely mapped 10 different mononuclear cell types in adult mouse muscle. They also characterized gene signatures and determined key discriminating markers of each cell type. [Mol Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Age and Prior Exercise In Vivo Determine the Subsequent In Vitro Molecular Profile of Myoblasts and Non-Myogenic Cells Derived from Human Skeletal Muscle

Scientists recruited 12 young and 12 elderly women, who performed a single bout of heavy resistance exercise with the knee extensor muscles of one leg. Five days later, muscle biopsies were collected from both legs and myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells were isolated for in vitro experiments with mixed or separated cells, and analyzed by immunostaining and RT-PCR. [Am J Physiol Cell Physiol] Abstract

H3K27me3 Depletion during Differentiation Promotes Myogenic Transcription in Porcine Satellite Cells

Porcine satellite cells were isolated and in vitro cultured from newborn piglets. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing experiments were performed using proliferating cells and terminal myotubes in order to interrogate the transcriptomic profiles, as well as the distribution of histone markers—H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K27ac—and RNA polymerase II. [Genes (Basel)] Full Article

Oxidative Hotspots on Actin Promote Skeletal Muscle Weakness in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Scientists showed that oxidative post-translational modifications of the contractile machinery targeted to actin result in impaired actin polymerization and reduced force production. Using mass spectrometry, they identified the actin residues targeted by oxidative 3-nitrotyrosine or malondialdehyde adduct modifications in weakened skeletal muscle from mice with arthritis and patients afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis. [JCI Insight] Abstract | Full Article

SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Amlodipine Induces Vasodilation via Akt2/Sp1‐Activated miR‐21 in Smooth Muscle Cells

Real‐time PCR and luciferase assays showed that amlodipine induced miR‐21 overexpression in vascular smooth muscle cells. [Br J Pharmacol] Abstract

MicroRNA-132 Mediates Proliferation and Migration of Pulmonary Smooth Muscle Cells via Targeting PTEN

Scientists demonstrated that miR-132 expression was upregulated in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rats and platelet-derived growth factor-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. [Mol Med Rep] Abstract

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Signaling Pathways Involved in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification during Hyperphosphatemia

The authors address critical intracellular pathways controlling osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and, thus, vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Elucidating these pathways holds a significant promise to open novel therapeutic opportunities counteracting the progression of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. [Cell Mol Life Sci] Full Article

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Santhera Provides Update on Filing for Conditional Marketing Authorization in Europe for Puldysa^® (Idebenone) in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Santhera Pharmaceuticals announced its intention to file an application for Conditional Marketing Authorization for Puldysa^® for the treatment of respiratory dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy with the European Medicines Agency. [Santhera Pharmaceuticals] Press Release

New Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology Launched

Building stripped-down versions of life using protocells, genome delivery systems and synthetic cytoskeletons comprise some of the groundbreaking research due to take place at a new centre launched at the University of Bristol. [University of Bristol] Press Release

What Thailand’s Long-Awaited Election Could Mean for Science

Thailand is bracing for the results of its first election since a military junta took charge in a 2014 coup. Scientists, like many other people in Thailand, want a more democratic country. But whether a pro-democracy party or a military-backed one ends up in charge, science is likely to prosper as a result of ongoing reforms put in place by the junta that are likely to continue under either government. [Nature News] Editorial

National Academy of Sciences Will Vote on Ejecting Sexual Harassers

The US National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, will ask its members this month to change the organization’s bylaws to allow proven sexual harassers and those guilty of other misconduct to be ejected from their ranks. That’s a first for the prestigious organization that advises the US government on scientific issues: Its members, who are voted in by other members, have always been elected for life. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Cell Symposia: Engineering Organoids and Organs
August 25-27, 2019
San Diego, California, United States

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NEW International Postdoctoral Fellowships – Metabolism (University of Copenhagen)

Postdoctoral Scholar – Cardiovascular Genomics (Stanford Medicine)

Early Stage Researchers – Various (Institutions across Europe in the TRIM-NET – ITN Network)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Cardiovascular Research (Old Dominion University)

Postdoctoral Position – Mechanotransduction in Heart Development and Regeneration (Brown University)

Assistant Professor – Sarcoma or Skeletal Related Malignancies (University of California, Davis)

Postdoctoral Position – Muscle Stem Cell Biology (University of Sherbrooke)

Assistant Specialist – Cardiovascular Research (University of California, Davis)

Postdoctoral Research Position – Cardiovascular Medicine (University of California, Davis)

Assistant/Associate Adjunct Professor – Cardiovascular Medicine (University of California, Davis)

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