Neural Cell News Volume 17.37 | Sep 20 2023

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    2023-09-20 | NCN 17.37


    Neural Cell News by STEMCELL Technologies
    Vol. 17.37 – 20 September, 2023
    TOP STORY

    3D Chitosan Scaffolds Support Expansion of Human Neural Stem Cells in Chemically Defined Condition

    Researchers introduced chitosan scaffolds as an alternative culture platform to costly animal-sourced feeders, Matrigel, and Geltrex for human neural stem cell expansion.
    [Matter]

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    Parkinson’s Disease-Linked Parkin Mutation Disrupts Recycling of Synaptic Vesicles in Human Dopaminergic Neurons

    Using patient-derived dopaminergic neurons, investigators found that phosphorylation of parkin by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 at Ser9 led to activation of parkin in a neuronal-activity-dependent manner.
    [Neuron]

    AbstractPress ReleaseGraphical Abstract

    Circular RNAs in the Human Brain Are Tailored to Neuron Identity and Neuropsychiatric Disease

    Scientists systematically identified over 11,039 circRNAs expressed in vulnerable dopamine and pyramidal neurons laser-captured from 190 human brains and non-neuronal cells using ultra-deep, total RNA sequencing.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full ArticlePress Release

    Loss of Microglial MCT4 Leads to Defective Synaptic Pruning and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

    Researchers showed that microglia could import lactate, and this was coupled with increased lysosomal acidification. In vitro, loss of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 in microglia prevented lactate-induced lysosomal modulation and led to defective cargo degradation.
    [Nature Communications]

    Full ArticlePress Release

    Sodium Channel Endocytosis Drives Axon Initial Segment Plasticity

    The authors developed genetic tools to label endogenous sodium channels and their scaffolding protein, to reveal their nanoscale organization and longitudinally image axon initial segment plasticity in hippocampal neurons in slices and primary cultures.
    [Science Advances]

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    Evolving Prion-Like Tau Conformers Differentially Alter Postsynaptic Proteins in Neurons Inoculated with Distinct Isolates of Alzheimer’s Disease Tau

    To model the mechanism of tau propagation and synaptic toxicity of distinct tau conformers, scientists inoculated wild-type primary mouse neurons with structurally characterized Sarkosyl-insoluble tau isolates from the frontal cortex of six Alzheimer’s disease cases and monitored the impact for 14 days.
    [Cell & Bioscience]

    Full Article

    VIRMA Promotes Neuron Apoptosis via Inducing m6A Methylation of STK10 in Spinal Cord Injury Animal Models

    Rat model of spinal cord injury was established and subsequently evaluated for motor function, pathological conditions, and apoptosis of spinal cord neurons.
    [CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics]

    Full Article

    Ribosomal S6 Protein Kinase 4 Promotes Resistance to EZH2 Inhibitors in Glioblastoma

    Investigators induced drug resistance in primary glioblastoma cell lines by treatment with an enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor and observed increases in the expression of stemness markers associated with glioblastoma stem cells in the drug-resistant cells.
    [Cancer Gene Therapy]

    Abstract

    Buddlejasaponin IVb Ameliorates Ferroptosis of Dopaminergic Neuron by Suppressing IRP2-Mediated Iron Overload in Parkinson’s Disease

    1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease models were established in this study. Behavioral tests, cell cytotoxicity assay, tyrosine hydroxylase, and Nissl staining were performed to evaluate the antiparkinsonian effect of buddlejasaponin IVb.
    [Journal of Ethnopharmacology]

    Abstract

    Regulation of Young-Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Differentiation by Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2)

    The authors analyzed the functions of NCAM2 in the regulation of radial glial progenitors in adult neurogenesis and during corticogenesis and characterized the presence of NCAM2 across the main cell types of the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus.
    [Cerebral Cortex]

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    Brain Oxidative Stress Mediates Anxiety-Like Behavior Induced by Indomethacin in Zebrafish: Protective Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol

    Zebrafish were utilized as an experimental model and subdivided into control, Indomethacin (INDO) 1 mg/Kg, INDO 2 mg/Kg, INDO 3 g/Kg, α-TP 2 mg/Kg, α-TP 2 mg/Kg + INDO 1 mg/Kg and α-TP + INDO 2 mg/Kg groups.
    [Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archives Of Pharmacology]

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    REVIEWS

    Dysregulation of Inflammasome Activation in Glioma

    The authors summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of the inflammasomes in glioma and therapeutic insights.
    [Cell Communication and Signaling]

    Full Article

    mTOR Signaling and Alzheimer’s Disease: What We Know and Where We Are?

    Scientists elaborate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling network mainly in the brain, point to gaps of knowledge, and define how and in which ways mTOR signaling can be connected with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and symptoms.
    [CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics]

    Full Article

    Treating Traumatic Brain Injury with Minocycline

    Investigators include preclinical studies examining the efficacy of minocycline in preclinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) models as well as recommendations for a clinical trial to test minocycline to treat TBI.
    [Neurotherapeutics]

    Abstract
    INDUSTRY AND POLICY NEWS

    NIH Researcher Andrew B. Singleton Receives 2024 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences

    The Breakthrough Prize Foundation has announced Andrew B. Singleton, Ph.D., a distinguished investigator at NIH as one of three recipients of the 2024 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences.
    [National Insitute on Aging]

    Press Release
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