Prostate Cell News Volume 10.39 | Oct 18 2019

TOP STORY

Wnt Activator FOXB2 Drives the Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer

Scientists identified FOXB2, an uncharacterized forkhead box family transcription factor, as a potent activator of Wnt signaling in normal and cancer cells. Mechanistically, FOXB2 induced multiple Wnt ligands, including WNT7B, which increased TCF/LEF-dependent transcription without activating Wnt coreceptor LRP6 or β-catenin. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA] Full Article

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Functional Deficiency of DNA Repair Gene EXO5 Results in Androgen-Induced Genomic Instability and Prostate Tumorigenesis

The authors demonstrated the role of novel exonuclease 5 (EXO5) gene in androgen-induced double strand breaks repair via homology-directed repair pathway and prostate tumorigenesis. Using whole-exome sequencing of samples from 20 prostate cancer (PCa) families, with three or more siblings diagnosed with metastatic PCa, they identified mutations in 31 genes involved in double-strand break response and repair. [Oncogene] Abstract

Circular RNA circ0005276 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells by Interacting with FUS to Transcriptionally Activate XIAP

Microarray analysis revealed an upregulated mRNA in prostate cancer (PCa) samples. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a key regulator in the progression of human cancers. Through bioinformatics analysis, the investigators determined that XIAP was a host gene for circRNA0005276. Therefore, this study focused on the interaction between circ0005276 and XIAP as well as their functions in PCa progression. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Functional Loss of ATRX and TERC Activates Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) in LAPC4 Prostate Cancer Cells

Inactivating mutations in ATRX were introduced using CRISPR-cas9 nickase into two prostate cancer cell lines, LAPC-4 and CWR22Rv1. In LAPC-4, but not CWR22Rv1, abolishing ATRX was sufficient to induce multiple ALT-associated hallmarks, including the presence of ALT-associated PML bodies, extrachromosomal telomere C-circles, and dramatic telomere length heterogeneity [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract

Interleukin-8 Expression Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Androgen Receptor Loss in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Researchers used RNA in situ hybridization to localize interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA in low and high grade prostate cancer (PCa) from African American and European American men. Researchers further interrogated IL-8 expression in primary and metastatic PCa tissue microarrays and both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant patient-derived xenografts. [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract

SP1-Mediated Upregulation of lncRNA SNHG4 Functions as a ceRNA for miR-377 to Facilitate Prostate Cancer Progression through Regulation of ZIC5

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4) expression in tissue samples and prostate cancer cells. Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, clonogenic formation, wound-healing, and transwell invasion assays were, respectively, used to evaluate cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration, and invasion. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract

Macrofluidic Recirculating Model of Skeletal Metastasis

Investigators created a macrofluidic model using culture plate wells connected with type I collagen-coated large bore tubing and had recirculating media. Green fluorescent protein-positive prostate carcinoma cells in a hydrogel or excised tumor xenografts from mice were placed into primary tumor sites and either human bone stromal cells in a hydrogel or human-derived bone chips were seeded into metastatic sites. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The X^c– Inhibitor Sulfasalazine Improves the Anti-Cancer Effect of Pharmacological Vitamin C in Prostate Cancer Cells via a Glutathione-Dependent Mechanism

The anti-cancer effect of vitamin C and/or sulfasalazine on prostate cancer cells was assessed using WST-8, colony formation and annexin V-FITC/PI FACS assays. Changes in cellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels were determined to verify the scientists’ hypothesis. [Cell Oncol] Abstract

Silencing TTK Expression Inhibits the Proliferation and Progression of Prostate Cancer

The expression of TTK was tested in prostate cancer tissues and prostate cancer cell lines. The changes of biological behavior of prostate cancer cell lines were verified after TTK was knocked out by siRNA and tumorigenic effect of TTK was verified by shRNA in vivo experiments. [Exp Cell Res] Abstract

Glucosinolate-Degradation Products as Co-Adjuvant Therapy on Prostate Cancer In Vitro

Scientists cultured cells under growing concentrations of allyl-isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, 4-pentenyl-isothiocyanate, iberin, indole-3-carbinol, or phenethyl-isothiocyanate in absence or presence of Docetaxel. The anti-tumor effects of these compounds were analyzed using the trypan blue exclusion, apoptosis, invasion and RT-qPCR assays and confocal microscopy. [Int J Mol Sci] Full Article

Additive Effects of a Small Molecular PCNA Inhibitor PCNA-I1S and DNA Damaging Agents on Growth Inhibition and DNA Damage in Prostate and Lung Cancer Cells

Researchers investigated the combinatorial effects of lead compound proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-I1S with DNA damaging agents on cell growth, DNA damage, and DNA repair in four lines of human prostate and lung cancer cells. The DNA damage agents used in the study included ionizing radiation source cesium-137, chemotherapy drug cisplatin, ultraviolet-C, and oxidative compound H₂O₂. [PLOS One] Full Article

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Landscape of Noncoding RNA in Prostate Cancer

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are two unique classes of noncoding RNA drawing increasing attention. The authors summarize recent findings on lncRNAs and circRNAs in prostate cancer, discuss their clinical utilities, and highlight these exciting areas of research. [Trends Genet] Abstract

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Cleveland Diagnostics Announces FDA Breakthrough Device Designation for Novel Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Test

Cleveland Diagnostics, Inc. announced that it has received FDA Breakthrough Device Designation for the IsoPSA^® Assay, a novel prostate cancer diagnostic test. [Cleveland Diagnostics, Inc. (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Telix Pharmaceuticals and GE Healthcare: Maximising ⁶⁸Ga Supply for Prostate Cancer Imaging

Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited announced the completion of the integration of GE Healthcare’s cyclotron-based ⁶⁸Ga (gallium) production data with Telix’s regulatory package for TLX591-CDx for the imaging of prostate cancer with positron emission tomography. [Telix Pharmaceuticals Limited (GlobeNewswire, Inc.)] Press Release

$3 Billion Ballot Proposition Will Decide Fate of Texas Cancer Research Funding Agency

On 5 November, Texas residents will decide whether to sustain CPRIT, the second largest public source of cancer funding in the United States after the federal government. At stake is its generous support for 123 tenure-track faculty like Cole, who investigates cancer and DNA repair. [ScienceMagazine] Editorial

Indian Government Tightens Rules on Academic Collaboration with China

India is tightening the rules for academic collaborations with its neighbor and main rival, China. Under a new policy, universities and research institutes must seek permission from the ministries of Home Affairs and External Affairs before signing a collaboration agreement or memorandum of understanding with a Chinese institution. [ScienceMagazine] Editorial

NEW Translational Cancer Research for Basic Scientists Workshop
November 17-22, 2019
Boston, Massachusetts, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Prostate Tumor Microenvironment (NorthShore University Health System)

NEW Postdoctoral Researcher – Prostate Cancer (University of California, San Francisco)

NEW Postdoctoral Scholar – Hormone Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer (Duke University Medical Center)

Research Fellow – Cancer Research (Mayo Clinic)

Assistant Professor – Biology of Genitourinary Cancers (University of Chicago)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Prostate Cancer (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Molecular Mechanisms of Androgen Synthesis (Cleveland Clinic)

Postdoctoral Associate – Prostate and Breast Cancer (Baylor College of Medicine)

Two Postdoctoral Fellows – Prostate or Brain Cancer (Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey)

Postdoctoral Research Scientist – Prostate and Bladder Cancer (Columbia University Medical Center)

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