Prostate Cell News Volume 3.24 | Jun 29 2012

Exosomes as Biomarker Enriched Microvesicles: Characterization of Exosomal Proteins Derived from a Panel of Prostate Cell Lines with Distinct AR Phenotypes
Since exosomes have been shown previously to have a role in cell-cell communication in the local tumor microenvironment, conferring activation of numerous survival mechanisms, scientists characterized constitutive lipids, cholesterol and proteins from exosomes derived from six prostate cell lines and tracked their uptake in both cancerous and benign prostate cell lines. [Mol Cell Proteomics] Abstract | Full Article

LABORATORY RESEARCH

SUMO-Specific Protease 1 Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Researchers showed that SUMO-specific protease 1 expression directly correlates with prostate cancer aggressiveness and reccurrence, by analyzing more than 150 prostate cancer specimens. [Oncogene] Abstract

Aberrant Expression of the Neuronal-Specific Protein DCDC2 Promotes Malignant Phenotypes and Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression
By integrating gene profiling and immunohistochemical data with functional experiments in cell lines, investigators showed that doublecortin domain containing 2 (DCDC2) is aberrantly expressed in prostate tumors whereas absent in normal prostate. [Oncogene] Abstract

Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates S100A8 Expression by Activating Protein Kinase A and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding-Protein-Beta in Prostate Cancer Cells
Scientists showed that S100A8 and to a lesser extent S100A9 mRNA expression is induced by prostaglandin E2 in a dose and time-dependent manner in PC-3 prostate cancer cells as well as in BPH-1 benign prostatic epithelial cells. [Int J Biochem Cell Biol] Abstract

Estrogen Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Migration via Paracrine Release of Enolase 1 from Stromal Cells
Scientists observed that conditioned medium from estradiol-stimulated prostate stromal cells significantly promoted the migration of prostate cancer cells. [Mol Endocrinol] Abstract

NGF/γ-IFN Inhibits Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer and Reverses AR Function through Down Regulation of FGFR2 and Decrease in Cancer Stem Cells
Investigators explored the inhibitory effect of a cytokine environment on androgen independent prostate cancer and its mechanism. [Stem Cells Dev] Abstract

Molecular Expression and Functional Activity of Sodium Dependent Multivitamin Transporter in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Researchers characterized sodium dependent multivitamin transporter in human derived prostate cancer cells. [Int J Pharm] Abstract

Effect of Diallyl Disulfide on Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Molecules Involved in Cell Survival and Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Silico Approach through Docking Analysis
Researchers evaluated the effects of diallyl disulfide on insulin like growth factor signaling in androgen independent prostate cancer cells. [Phytomedicine] Abstract

Artepillin C (3,5-Diprenyl-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid) Sensitizes LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis
Investigators determined the mechanisms by which  tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance can be overcome in prostate cancer cells by artepillin C. [Int J Oncol] Abstract | Full Article

Neuropeptide-Inducible Upregulation of Proteasome Activity Precedes Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells
Upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B activity and neuroendocrine differentiation are two mechanisms known to be involved in prostate cancer progression to castration resistance. Researchers investigated for evidence of a direct mechanistic connection between these pathways with the use of immunocytochemistry, western blot analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and proteasome activity assessment. [Cancer Cell Int] Abstract | Full Article

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Long-Term Disease-Specific Functioning Among Prostate Cancer Survivors and Noncancer Controls in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, scientists assessed the long-term disease-specific functioning among prostate cancer survivors versus noncancer controls, the impact of trial arm on functioning, and the effect of treatment modality on functioning. [J Clin Oncol] Abstract

Feasibility of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) for Recurrent/Residual Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Scientists assessed the technical feasibility, functional outcome and morbidity of HoLEP for symptomatic BPH in patients with previous transurethral prostate surgery. [BJU Int] Abstract

Testosterone Recovery in the Off-Treatment Time in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Scientists studied intermittent androgen deprivation for prostate cancer with the objective of reducing the side effects of treatment and potentially delaying the development of hormone resistance. [Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis] Abstract

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Recommends Abiraterone and Erlotinib
Abiraterone is recommended in combination with prednisone or prednisolone as a treatment option for castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer that has progressed on or after one docetaxel-containing therapy. [National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence] Press Release

FDA Approves New Blood Test to Improve Prostate Cancer Detection
Beckman Coulter, Inc.announced premarket approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the Prostate Health Index, a simple, non-invasive blood test. [Beckman Coulter, Inc.] Press Release

Astellas and Medivation Announce European Regulatory Submission for Enzalutamide for the Treatment of Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer Post-Chemotherapy
Medivation, Inc. and Astellas Pharma Inc. announced that Astellas has submitted a marketing authorization application to the European Medicines Agency for enzalutamide for the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have been previously treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy. [Medivation, Inc.] Press Release

Grants Encourage Patient Engagement in Research
UMass Medical School received three awards totaling more than $2 million from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. The grants will fund a study of evidence-based, informed decision making for cancer screening tests; the development of an adaptive computer system for personalized health communication in smoking cessation; and the creation of clinical practice guidelines for screening lung and prostate cancers. [UMass Medical School] Press Release

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