Prostate Cell News Volume 4.15 | Apr 26 2013

Punctuated Evolution of Prostate Cancer Genomes
Researchers sequenced the genomes of 57 prostate tumors and matched normal tissues to characterize somatic alterations and to study how they accumulate during oncogenesis and progression. By modeling the genesis of genomic rearrangements, they identified abundant DNA translocations and deletions that arise in a highly interdependent manner. [Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release

The Role of DAB2IP in Androgen Receptor Activation during Prostate Cancer Progression
The authors showed that DAB2IP, a novel tumor suppressor in prostate cancer (PCa), can inhibit androgen-receptor (AR)-mediated cell growth and gene activation in PCa cells via distinct mechanisms. DAB2IP inhibits the genomic pathway by preventing AR nuclear translocation or phosphorylation and suppresses the non-genomic pathway via its unique functional domain to inactivate c-Src. [Oncogene] Abstract

Increased Chemo-Sensitivity via Targeting Testicular Nuclear Receptor 4 (TR4)-Oct4-Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL1Ra) Axis in Prostate Cancer CD133⁺ Stem/Progenitor Cells to Battle Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) stem/progenitor cells are known to have higher chemo-resistance than non-stem/progenitor cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The authors found the expression of TR4 is significantly higher in PCa CD133⁺ stem/progenitor cells compared to CD133^– non-stem/progenitor cells. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article

Identification of Drug Candidate against Prostate Cancer from the Aspect of Somatic Cell Reprograming
Scientists used the EOS (Early transposon Oct4 and Sox2 enhancer) system to select human prostate cancer (PCA) cells expressing high levels of OCT4. The OCT4-expressing PCA cells selected using the EOS system showed increased tumorigenicity and high resistance to docetaxel, both in vitro and in vivo. [Cancer Sci] Abstract

A Novel IgE Antibody Targeting the Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Potential Prostate Cancer Therapy
Researchers explored the properties of a novel mouse/human chimeric anti-prostate-specific antigen IgE containing the variable regions of AR47.47 as a potential therapy for prostate cancer (PCa). Their goal was to take advantage of the unique properties of IgE in order to trigger immune activation against PCa. [BMC Cancer] Abstract | Full Article

MicroRNA-205, a Novel Regulator of the Anti-Apoptotic Protein Bcl2, Is Downregulated in Prostate Cancer
Scientists determined the expression of microRNA (miR)-205 in 111 archival samples of prostate carcinoma and found it to be strongly reduced in most samples, with a median expression level of 16% in comparison to benign tissue from the same patient. Lower miR-205 expression correlated significantly with tumor size and miR-205 levels decreased with increasing Gleason score from 7a=3+4 to 8=4+4. [Int J Oncol] Abstract

Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Proliferative Activity on Human Prostate Cancer Cells Lines of the Phenolic Compounds from Corylopsis coreana Uyeki
Fifteen phenolic compounds, including three caffeoyl derivatives, four gallotannins, three ellagitannins and five flavonoids, were isolated from an 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki. The anti-oxidative activities and the anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cell lines were evaluated. [Molecules] Abstract | Full Article

Androgens and Estrogens Stimulate Ribosome Biogenesis in Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells in Receptor Dependent Manner
Researchers investigated the link between estrogen and androgen receptor signaling and the initial stage of ribosome biogenesis – transcription of rRNA genes. They discovered that estrogen or androgen treatment can positively regulate rRNA synthesis in breast and prostate cancer cells respectively and that this effect is receptor dependent. [Gene] Abstract

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Genetic Markers Associated with Early Cancer-Specific Mortality following Prostatectomy
Researchers sought to identify novel effectors and markers of localized but potentially life-threatening prostate cancer, by evaluating chromosomal copy number alterations in tumors from patients who underwent prostatectomy and correlating these with clinicopathologic features and outcome. Abstract | Press Release

The Prostate Cancer-Up-Regulated myc-Associated Zinc-Finger Protein (MAZ) Modulates Proliferation and Metastasis through Reciprocal Regulation of Androgen Receptor
The role of MAZ in prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis and its interaction with androgen receptor (AR), which is essential to PCa development in humans, were investigated. MAZ expression was found to be higher in clinical PCa specimens than in benign prostatic hyperplasia and adjacent normal tissues, and MAZ expression was positively correlated with AR expression, which was also observed in PCa cell lines. [Med Oncol] Abstract

Reduction of Prostate Cancer Incidence by Naftopidil, an α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist and Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Inhibitor
Quinazoline-based α1-adrenoceptor antagonists are known to inhibit prostate tumor growth through induction of apoptosis. Researchers investigated the effect of a naphthalene-based α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, naftopidil, on prostate cancer incidence, apoptosis of prostatic cell and transforming growth factor-β signaling. [Int J Urol] Abstract

Dormancy in Solid Tumors: Implications for Prostate Cancer
This review aims to identify currently known markers, mechanisms, and models of tumor dormancy, in particular as they relate to prostate cancer, and highlight current opportunities for advancement in our understanding of clinical cancer dormancy. [Cancer Metastasis Rev] Abstract

Basic Research: iPSCs Created from Prostate and Urinary Tract Tissue
Researchers have successfully generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from normal aging human prostate and urinary tract tissue-producing Pro-iPSCs and UT-iPSCs, respectively. In contrast to conventional skin-derived iPSCs, Pro-iPSCs exhibited an enhanced ability to undergo prostate-epithelial-specific differentiation (characterized by induction of the androgen receptor and PSA). [Nat Rev Urol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the prostate cell research field.

Profound Medical Announces Initiation of TULSA Clinical Trial for Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer
Profound Medical Inc. announced the commencement of its Health Canada approved, multi-center TULSA (Transurethral Ultrasound Ablation) clinical trial for its minimally invasive, novel ablation device used to facilitate prostate cancer treatment. [Profound Medical Inc.] Press Release

Positive CHMP Opinion for XTANDI™ (Enzalutamide) in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd., the European Headquarters of Tokyo-based Astellas Pharma Inc., and Medivation, Inc. have received a positive opinion from the European Medicines Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, recommending European Commission approval for XTANDI capsules for the treatment of adult men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer whose disease has progressed on or after docetaxel therapy. [Medivation, Inc.] Press Release

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NEW 2013 ASCO/AACR Workshop: Methods in Clinical Cancer Research
July 27-August 2, 2013
Vail, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the prostate cell community.

NEW Research Fellow – Medical Ultrasound (University of Dundee)

PhD Studentship – Investigation into Chemokine Receptor Induced Cell Migration (University of East Anglia)

Principal Investigator – Ca²⁺ Channels on Tumor Angiogenesis (Lille 1 University)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Prostate Cancer Research (University of Illinois at Chicago)

PhD Studentship – The Role of STEAP2 in Prostate Cancer Invasion and Metastasis (Swansea University)

Researcher – Prostate Cancer (Prostate Cancer UK)

Postdoctoral Position – Tumor-Propagating Cells in Prostate Cancer (University of Georgia)

Postdoctoral Position – Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Advanced Prostate Cancer (Cleveland Clinic)

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