LABORATORY RESEARCH A Reciprocal Role of Prostate Cancer on Stromal DNA Damage Xenografting of human prostate cancer epithelia, LNCaP, resulted in the epigenetic transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (Tgfbr2) silencing of host mouse prostatic fibroblasts. Stromal Tgfbr2 promoter hypermethylation, initiated by LNCaP cells, was found to be dependent on interleukin 6 expression, based on neutralizing antibody studies. [Oncogene] Abstract Piperlongumine Inhibits NF-κB Activity and Attenuates Aggressive Growth Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Cells The authors looked at the effects of piperlongumine, a biologically active alkaloid/amide present in piper longum plant, on the NF-κB pathway in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. [Prostate] Abstract Enrichment of Human Prostate Cancer Cells with Tumor Initiating Properties in Mouse and Zebrafish Xenografts by Differential Adhesion Investigators adapted the collagen adherence feature to develop a combined immunophenotypic and time-of-adherence assay to identify human prostate tumor-initiating cells. [Prostate] Abstract Development of a Peptide-Based Vaccine Targeting TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer ERG295 overcame peripheral tolerance in HLA-A*0201 mice that expressed prostate-restricted ERG. Also, this peptide induced an antigen-specific response against ERG-expressing human prostate tumor cells. [Cancer Immunol Immunother] Abstract Down-Regulation of RE-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Hypoxia-Induced miR-106b~25 Researchers demonstrated that hypoxia promotes neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation of neural crest cells and prostate cancer cells, respectively, by inducing the microRNA (miR)-106b~25 cluster. [Exp Cell Res] Abstract Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Ionone-Based Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of the Androgen Receptor and NF-κB Researchers discovered SC97 and SC245 inhibit NF-κB. By synthesizing a series of derivatives of these two compounds, they discovered a novel compound 3b that potently inhibits both androgen receptor (AR) and NF-κB signaling, including the AR F876L mutant. [Invest New Drugs] Abstract The Tumor Suppressing Effects of QKI-5 in Prostate Cancer: A Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Protein Using lentiviral vectors, investigators established two stable prostate cancer cell lines with altered quaking 5 (QKI-5) expression, including a QKI-5 overexpressing PC3 cell line and a DU145 cell line with knocked-down QKI-5 expression. The effects of the lentiviral-mediated QKI-5 knockdown on the PC3 cells and DU145 cells were assessed by cell growth curves, flow cytometry, and an invasion assay. [Cancer Biol Ther] Abstract Differences in Transport Mechanisms of trans-1-Amino-3-[18F]Fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic Acid in Inflammation, Prostate Cancer, and Glioma Cells: Comparison with L-[Methyl-11C]Methionine and 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose Using carbon-14-labeled tracers, in vitro time-course, pH dependence, and competitive inhibition uptake experiments were performed in rat inflammatory, prostate cancer, and glioma cells. [Mol Imaging Biol] Abstract CLINICAL RESEARCH The Prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E Prostate Cancer Risk Allele in Men Treated with Radical Prostatectomy DNA samples from men treated with radical prostatectomy were genotyped for G84E and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The frequency and distribution of this allele was determined according to specific patient characteristics. [BJU Int] Abstract Men (Aged 40-49 Years) with a Single Baseline Prostate-Specific Antigen Below 1.0 ng/mL Have a Very Low Long-Term Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results from a Prospectively Screened Population Cohort Scientists studied the use of a baseline prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination in men in predicting long-term prostate cancer risk in a prospectively followed, representative population cohort. [Urology] Abstract |