Prostate Cell News Volume 8.32 | Aug 25 2017

TOP STORY

PADI2-Mediated Citrullination Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression

Investigators showed that PADI2 is an androgen-repressed gene and is upregulated in castration-resistance prostate cancer. PADI2 expression was required for survival and cell cycle progression of prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and PADI2 promoted proliferation of PCa cells under androgen-deprived or castration conditions in vitro and in vivo. [Cancer Res] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

LABORATORY RESEARCH

Androgen-Deprivation Therapy with Enzalutamide Enhances Prostate Cancer Metastasis via Decreasing the EPHB6 Suppressor Expression

Scientists found enzalutamide (Enz) might increase some unwanted side-effects via increasing the castration resistant prostate cancer cell invasion that might involve altering the Enz-androgen receptor/EPHB6 suppressor/JNK signaling. [Cancer Lett] Abstract

Long Noncoding RNA ZEB1-AS1 Epigenetically Regulates the Expressions of ZEB1 and Downstream Molecules in Prostate Cancer

In prostate cancer cells researchers found that RNAi-mediated downregulation of ZEB1-antisense 1 (AS1) induced significant ZEB1 inhibition while artificial overexpression of ZEB1-AS1 rescued ZEB1 expression, which means that ZEB1-AS1 promotes ZEB1 expression. [Mol Cancer] Full Article

The Combination of Metformin and Valproic Acid Induces Synergistic Apoptosis in the Presence of p53 and Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer

The combination of metformin (MET) and valproic acid (VPA) synergistically inhibited proliferation in LNCaP and PC-3, with no significant effect in prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP, but not PC-3, demonstrated synergistic intrinsic apoptosis in response to MET+VPA. [Mol Cancer Ther] Abstract

Metformin Reverses Prostate Cancer Resistance to Enzalutamide by Targeting TGF-β1/STAT3 Axis-Regulated EMT

By using C4-2, CWR22Rv1 and LNCaP cell lines, as well as mice bearing CWR22Rv1 xenografts treated with either enzalutamide or metformin alone or in combination, researchers demonstrated that metformin is capable of reversing enzalutamide resistance and restores sensitivity of CWR22Rv1 xenografts to enzalutamide. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Switching Expression of MMP-3 in Stromal Fibroblasts and Cancer Cells during Prostate Cancer Progression

By using paired normal and prostate cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from a coculture cell model and clinical patient samples, the authors demonstrated that although CAFs promoted prostate cancer growth, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was lower in CAFs but elevated in prostate cancer cells relative to their normal counterparts. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Sympathetic Signaling Reactivates Quiescent Disseminated Prostate Cancer Cells in the Bone Marrow

Norepinephrine (NE) directly stimulated prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation through β2-adrenergic receptors. NE also altered PCa proliferation in the marrow niche by indirectly by downregulating the secretion of the dormancy inducing molecule growth arrest specific-6 expressed by osteoblasts. [Mol Cancer Res] Abstract

Flavonoids from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) Leaves Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in PC-3 Cells by Activation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis

Researchers investigated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of the total flavonoids extracted from persimmon leaves (FPL) in PC-3 cells. After treating cells with different concentration of FPL, Quercetin or Rutin for 24 hours, MTT and flow cytometry were used to measure the cytotoxicity, apoptotic rate and cell cycle arrest. [Chem Biol Interact] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Phase III Study Comparing a Reduced Dose of Cabazitaxel (20 mg/m²) and the Currently Approved Dose (25 mg/m²) in Postdocetaxel Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer—PROSELICA

The efficacy of cabazitaxel in postdocetaxel patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer was confirmed. The noninferiority end point was met; C20 maintained ≥ 50% of the overall survival benefit of C25 versus mitoxantrone in TROPIC. [J Clin Oncol] Abstract

Efficacy and Safety of Enzalutamide vs Bicalutamide in Younger and Older Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in the TERRAIN Trial

Enzalutamide significantly reduced the risk of disease progression or death vs bicalutamide in patients age <75 and ≥75. Time to prostate-specific antigen progression was also significantly prolonged with enzalutamide vs bicalutamide in both subgroups. [J Urol] Abstract

Implications of BCL-2 and Its Interplay with Other Molecules and Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer Progression

The authors discuss the critical role of B cell lymphoma gene number 2 (BCL-2) in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer with experimental evidences on the BCL-2 molecular networks in androgen-independent prostate cancer and androgen-dependent prostate cancer and subsequently suggest perspective research targeting BCL-2. [Expert Opin Ther Targets] Abstract

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Prostate Cancer Foundation Announces Six 2017 Challenge Awards Funded in Partnership with the Movember Foundation

The Prostate Cancer Foundation announced six new Challenge Awards funded in partnership with the Movember Foundation. These multi-year awards support cross-disciplinary teams of investigators conducting pioneering research to advance treatments and cures for prostate cancer. [Prostate Cancer Foundation] Press Release

CPRIT Awards $13M for Prevention, Research, Recruitment

Researchers in the NCI-designated Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center have received $13,107,956 from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) for six new grants focused on evidence-based cancer prevention services, the recruitment of an established investigator, individual investigator and early translational research and core facility support. [Baylor College of Medicine] Press Release

Biomedical Ph.D. Program at Major Research University Drops GRE Requirement for Admission

The University of Michigan’s biomedical sciences graduate program announced that it will no longer require GRE scores for its Ph.D. admissions. Following a review of the available evidence and a public discussion involving the program’s faculty, staff, and trainees, the exam’s ability to predict student performance seems “weak at best” while it significantly disadvantages women, minorities, and students from low socioeconomic backgrounds, writes Scott Barolo, director of the Program in Biomedical Sciences, in the announcement. [Science Careers] Editorial

Leaked Documents Expose Long-Standing Gender Tensions at Salk Institute

Senior female faculty at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies raise more than twice as much in National Institutes of Health funding for scientists working in their labs as their male counterparts, according to a 2016 internal report on “faculty issues” requested by leaders of the San Diego, California institution. Yet Salk leaders favored male scientists by granting them greater access to internal funds and other resources, the report implies, echoing gender discrimination lawsuits filed last month against the research center. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

A Bold Open-Access Push in Germany Could Change the Future of Academic Publishing

Over the past two years, more than 150 German libraries, universities, and research institutes have formed a united front trying to force academic publishers into a new way of doing business. Instead of buying subscriptions to specific journals, consortium members want to pay publishers an annual lump sum that covers publication costs of all papers whose first authors are at German institutions. Those papers would be freely available around the world; meanwhile, German institutions would receive access to all the publishers’ online content. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Keystone Symposia: Tumor Metabolism
January 21-25, 2018
Snowbird, Utah, United States

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NEW Postdoctoral Position – Molecular Imaging for Therapy Assessment in Prostate Cancer (Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TU Munchen)

NEW Postdoctoral Scientist – Prostate Cancer (Medical Research Council – Laboratory of Molecular Biology)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer (Moffitt Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Prostate Cancer (Edith Cowan University)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Translational Cancer Disparities Research (Duke Cancer Institute)

Postdoctoral Research Associate – Prostate Cancer (University of South Carolina)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer (Baylor College of Medicine)

Post-Doctoral Research Associate Position – Translational Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy (Northwestern University)

Postdoctoral Scholar Position – Prostate Cancer (Case Western Reserve University)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer (Cleveland Clinic)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Related Diseases (Baylor College of Medicine)

Assistant Member – Prostate Cancer (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Drug Discovery (The Vancouver Prostate Centre)

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